Vaccine aluminum adjuvant causation of neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism.

You Can’t Find the Truth About Vaccines by Burying Your Head in (Vested Interests in Vaccines) Peer-Reviewed Studies
http://freedom-articles.toolsforfreedom.com/truth-about-vaccines-beyond-peer-review/

NEJM editor: “No longer possible to believe much of clinical research published”

Harvard Medical School’s Dr. Marcia Angell is the author of The Truth About the Drug Companies: How They Deceive Us and What to Do About It. But more to the point, she’s also the former Editor-in-Chief at the New England Journal of Medicine, arguably one of the most respected medical journals on earth. But after reading her article in the New York Review of Books called Drug Companies & Doctors: A Story of Corruption, one wonders if any medical journal on earth is worth anybody’s respect anymore.

“It is simply no longer possible to believe much of the clinical research that is published, or to rely on the judgment of trusted physicians or authoritative medical guidelines. I take no pleasure in this conclusion, which I reached slowly and reluctantly over my two decades as an editor of The New England Journal of Medicine.”

Read more:
http://ethicalnag.org/2009/11/09/nejm-editor/

Find the REAL and independent vaccine injury and harm studies, right on these site pages.

Lesson 2—Explore/Explain [How it all works]
Neurons, Brain Chemistry, and Neurotransmission (Page 1 of 2)

Excerpts:

The brain contains another class of cells called glia. There are as many as 10 to 50 times more glial cells than neurons in the central nervous system. Glial cells are categorized as microglia or macroglia. Microglia are phagocytic cells that are mobilized after injury, infection, or disease. They are derived from macrophages and are unrelated to other cell types in the nervous system. The three types of macroglia are oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and Schwann cells. The oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells form the myelin sheaths that insulate axons and enhance conduction of electrical signals along the axons.

Scientists know less about the functions of glial cells than they do about the functions of neurons. Glial cells fulfill a variety of functions including as support elements in the nervous system, providing structure and separating and insulating groups of neurons; oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, which form myelin, the sheath that wraps around certain axons; scavengers that remove debris after injury or neuronal death; helpers in regulating the potassium ion (K+) concentration in the extracellular space and taking up and removing chemical neurotransmitters from the extracellular space after synaptic transmission; guides for the migration of neurons and for the outgrowth of axons during development; and inducers of the formation of impermeable tight junctions in endothelial cells that line the capillaries and venules of the brain to form the blood-brain barrier.3

http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih2/addiction/guide/lesson2-1.htm

How to Lie to a Generation of Families - Malfeasance in the CDCs Vaccine Safety Program - Dr. Brian Hooker
http://www.autismone.org/content/how-lie-generation-families-malfeasance-cdcs-vaccine-safety-program-dr-brian-hooker​

You will notice that in the first study here below, it outlines the neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism. This is an obviously confirmed finding. In the rest of these studies we find a mix of findings that indicate clearly two things. That there is existing over activation of brains microglia cells and resulting variably chronic levels of brain inflammation, going on with and in those with autism (ASD). There is a recurring theme here of neuroinflammation being found in regard to the brain findings regarding those with autism (ASD). Some of the studies just find the existing neuroinflammation syndrome, and do no suggest a causation; and some as well connect it directly to the aluminum adjuvants in vaccines. In any case with this much adverse information regarding aluminum adjuvants in vaccines, it can not possibly be determined a safe substance to inject into the human body in the form of a vaccine. They say they removed the Thimerosal in vaccine, but the rate of ASD didn't change. (That is questionable, as per the studies done). One thing that is obvious however, is the realization that vaccine aluminum adjuvants are most likely the be one of the largest elephants in the room, that the CDC and FDA have overlooked in the causation of autism. I believe that the MMR vaccine is as well clearly contributing to the now epidemic ASD numbers, and as well vaccines in general. This simply can not be ignored and to do so is to be blind to the existing science. The CDC has made no mention of course of any of these studies, and they remain (likely intentionally) oblivious to issues here at all.    

Before we start here, it should be noted as well these little known facts.


Aluminium adjuvants and adverse events in sub-cutaneous allergy immunotherapy

Abstract
Sub-cutaneous immunotherapy is an effective treatment for allergy. It works by helping to modify or re-balance an individual’s immune response to allergens and its efficacy is greatly improved by the use of adjuvants, most commonly, aluminium hydroxide. Aluminium salts have been used in allergy therapy for many decades and are assumed to be safe with few established side-effects. This assumption belies their potency as adjuvants and their potential for biological reactivity both at injection sites and elsewhere in the body. There are very few data purporting to the safety of aluminium adjuvants in allergy immunotherapy and particularly so in relation to longer term health effects. There are, if only few, published reports of adverse events following allergy immunotherapy and aluminium adjuvants are the prime suspects in the majority of such incidents. Aluminium adjuvants are clearly capable of initiating unwanted side effects in recipients of immunotherapy and while there is as yet no evidence that such are commonplace it is complacent to consider aluminium salts as harmless constituents of allergy therapies. Future research should establish the safety of the use of aluminium adjuvants in sub-cutaneous allergy immunotherapy.

http://www.aacijournal.com/content/10/1/4

Understanding Colloidal Suspensions - Help from Frank Hartman & Thomas Riddick 

SOME EFFECTS OF REDUCED CARRYING CAPACITY

Aluminum toxicity is a widespread problem in all forms of life, including humans, animals, fish, plants and trees, and causes widespread degradation of the environment and health. Over 7000 reference articles on aluminum toxicity exist in various data bases; ( as of 1996 ) all recognizing the toxicity but concluding the mechanism of action is unknown. — [ Search results - scirus.com]

http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/search?q=%22aluminum+toxicity%22&ds=web#results

Despite the number of references to aluminum toxicity, the FDA has always exempted it from testing from testing by putting it on their "Generally Regarded as Safe" ( GRAS ) list. Aluminum can be added to foods, medicines or water without restriction from the FDA.

[ Aluminum is known to stop cell division during the "S Phase", at levels less than 4 ppm. ]

The mechanism of action of aluminum toxicity is aluminum’s effect on carrying capacity or Zeta Potential. Aluminum is relatively non-toxic in and of itself. However, it destroys the carrying capacity of a liquid.

Aluminum has three ( 3 ) positive ions, so a single ion of aluminum will reduce surface charge, reduce carrying capacity and increase surface tension by 6,000 times the amount that an ion of Sodium, which has one ( 1 ) positive charge, would. 

Read more:
http://customers.hbci.com/~wenonah/info/colloid.htm#Altox

Vaccine Caused Ischemia/Hypoxia
http://www.vacfacts.info/vaccine-caused-ischemiahypoxia.html 

From: History of crime against the Food Laws (1929) by Dr. Riley, the prime mover behind the original Pure Food Law and Director of the FDA. He resigned in disgust in 1912 over exceptions granted to the law and lack of enforcement. 

Aluminum has been exempted from testing for safety by the FDA under a convoluted logic wherein it is classified as GRAS. (Generally Regarded As Safe.) It has never been tested by the FDA on its safety and there are NO restrictions whatever on the amount or use of aluminum. Diseases Associated with Aluminium Intoxication. H. Tomlinson, M.B., Ch.B., MRCS., LRCP. Since that time thousands of studies have been published indicating aluminum is involved in neurological dysfunction, immunocompetence, as well as a host of other morbidities. I cannot begin to reference them all. Sepsis: a cause of aluminum release from tissue stores associated with acute neurological dysfunction and mortality. Davenport A. – Williams P.S. – Roberts N.B. – Bone J.M. From: Clin Nephrol (1988 Jul) 30(1):48-51. 

We report six cases of patients with renal failure and exposure to aluminum who developed septicemia. In all cases the serum aluminum increased markedly. This may have contributed to the neurological dysfunction seen in five, and the deaths of four of the patients. We suggest that the rise in serum aluminum was due to the release of tissue-bound aluminum, resulting in an increase in free, diffusable aluminum and that this jeopardized both neurological function and immunocompetence.

http://www.raysahelian.com/aluminum.html

Aluminum Adjuvants - Lack of Safety Data - Lack of Aluminum Adjuvant Safety Studies
http://www.vacfacts.info/aluminum-vaccine-adjuvants.html 

--------------

How to detox aluminum and why it's necessary
Learn more: http://www.naturalnews.com/034607_aluminum_poisoning_detox.html​

Immunologic Research
July 2013, Volume 56, Issue 2-3, pp 304-316
Aluminum in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity
C. A. Shaw, L. Tomljenovic

Abstract
We have examined the neurotoxicity of aluminum in humans and animals under various conditions, following different routes of administration, and provide an overview of the various associated disease states. The literature demonstrates clearly negative impacts of aluminum on the nervous system across the age span. In adults, aluminum exposure can lead to apparently age-related neurological deficits resembling Alzheimer’s and has been linked to this disease and to the Guamanian variant, ALS–PDC. Similar outcomes have been found in animal models. In addition, injection of aluminum adjuvants in an attempt to model Gulf War syndrome and associated neurological deficits leads to an ALS phenotype in young male mice. In young children, a highly significant correlation exists between the number of pediatric aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines administered and the rate of autism spectrum disorders. Many of the features of aluminum-induced neurotoxicity may arise, in part, from autoimmune reactions, as part of the ASIA syndrome.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23609067 

Full study:
http://katlynfoxfoundation.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/2013-Shaw-CA-LT-Imm-Res-CNS-Toxicity-of-alum-adjuvants-and-autoimmunity-Immunological-Research.pdf

Toxic Overload Children Vaccinated To Extreme
http://wakeupgethealthy.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/toxic-overload-children-vaccinated-to-extreme/

Neurological and Immune Reactive Conditions Affecting Kids: The mercury connection to neurological pervasive developmental disorders(autism, schizophrenia, dyslexia, ADD, childhood depression, learning disabilities, OCD, etc.) and developmental immune conditions(eczema, asthma, and allergies) Bernard Windham(Ed) (With 600 references)

Excerpts:

III. Mechanisms by which vaccines/mercury/toxic metals are documented to cause Autism Spectrum conditions
Brain inflammation from exposure to excitotoxins

Brain inflammation has been found to be a major factor in autism, and in the sometimes related metabolic syndrome (598,603,etc.). Causes of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidative related brain inflammation that have been documented include vaccines, mercury, aluminum, excitotoxins such as MSG, aspartame, food additives, and overconsumption of high-fructose corn sweetener. These cause high glutamate levels in the brain and oxidative damage –resulting in inflammation of the brain and immune system, as well as damage to brain microglia cells and the mitochondrial DNA, high triglycerides, metabolic syndrome, etc.(593) These have been found to be factors in most chronic neurological diseases including autism and diabetes.

The brain has elaborate protective mechanisms for regulating neurotransmitters such as glutamate, which is the most abundant of all neurotransmitters. When these protective regulatory mechanisms are damaged or affected, chronic neurological conditions such as autism can result (593). Mercury and other toxic metals inhibit astrocyte function in the brain and CNS(22,129), causing increased glutamate and calcium related neurotoxicity (129,333,416,496,593). Mercury and increased glutamate activate free radical forming processes like xanthine oxidase which produce oxygen radicals and oxidative neurological damage(142,13).

These inflammatory processes damage cell structures including DNA, mitochondria, and cell membranes. They also activate microglia cells in the brain, which control brain inflammation and immunity. Once activated, the microglia secrete large amounts of neurotoxic substances such as glutamate, an excitotoxin, which adds to inflammation and stimulates the area of the brain associated with anxiety(593,598,22). Inflammation also disrupts brain neurotransmitters resulting in reduced levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Some of the main causes of such disturbances that have been documented include vaccines, mercury, aluminum, other toxic metals, MSG, aspartame, etc. (593,598,22,500,582,570,571,etc.)

Inflammation induced by vaccine adjuvants like aluminum and mercury or by excitotoxins like MSG has been found to play a significant role in insulin resistance(type-2 diabetes) and in high levels of LDL cholesterol(593,597,598,etc.). Type 2 diabetes is an epidemic among young Americans and greatly increases the incidence of heart attack, blindness, stoke, infertility, and early death. There is also evidence that the diet drink sweetener aspartame can cause or increase the effects of diabetes and hypoglycemia (450,498). Iron overload has also been found to be a cause of insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes(595).

2. Impairment of methionine synthase function and impairment of folate-depdendent methylation.

The authors of 2 new studies of thimerosal developmental effects(88) write: "Our studies... provide evidence that mercury, aluminum, other heavy metals and the vaccine preservative thimerosal potently interfere with [methionine synthase] activation and impair folate-dependent methylation.

Studies have also found heavy metals to deplete glutathione and bind.

Read more:
http://www.flcv.com/kidshg.html

BRAIN’S IMMUNE SYSTEM TRIGGERED IN AUTISM
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Press_releases/2004/11_15a_04.html

Ann Neurol. 2005 Jan;57(1):67-81.
Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism.
Vargas DL, Nascimbene C, Krishnan C, Zimmerman AW, Pardo CA.
Source: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired communication and social interaction and may be accompanied by mental retardation and epilepsy. Its cause remains unknown, despite evidence that genetic, environmental, and immunological factors may play a role in its pathogenesis. To investigate whether immune-mediated mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of autism, we used immunocytochemistry, cytokine protein arrays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to study brain tissues and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from autistic patients and determined the magnitude of neuroglial and inflammatory reactions and their cytokine expression profiles. Brain tissues from cerebellum, midfrontal, and cingulate gyrus obtained at autopsy from 11 patients with autism were used for morphological studies. Fresh-frozen tissues available from seven patients and CSF from six living autistic patients were used for cytokine protein profiling. We demonstrate an active neuroinflammatory process in the cerebral cortex, white matter, and notably in cerebellum of autistic patients. Immunocytochemical studies showed marked activation of microglia and astroglia, and cytokine profiling indicated that macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and tumor growth factor-beta1, derived from neuroglia, were the most prevalent cytokines in brain tissues. CSF showed a unique proinflammatory profile of cytokines, including a marked increase in MCP-1. Our findings indicate that innate neuroimmune reactions play a pathogenic role in an undefined proportion of autistic patients, suggesting that future therapies might involve modifying neuroglial responses in the brain.

http://www.neuro.jhmi.edu/neuroimmunopath/pdf/4%20Neuroglial%20activation%20and%20neuroinflammation%20in%20the%20brain%20of%20patients%20with%20autism.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15546155

Neurological and Immune Reactive Conditions Affecting Kids: The mercury connection to neurological pervasive developmental disorders(autism, schizophrenia, dyslexia, ADD, childhood depression, learning disabilities, OCD, etc.) and developmental immune conditions(eczema, asthma, and allergies) Bernard Windham(Ed) (With 600 references)

Excerpts:

III. Mechanisms by which vaccines/mercury/toxic metals are documented to cause Autism Spectrum conditions
Brain inflammation from exposure to excitotoxins

Brain inflammation has been found to be a major factor in autism, and in the sometimes related metabolic syndrome (598,603,etc.). Causes of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidative related brain inflammation that have been documented include vaccines, mercury, aluminum, excitotoxins such as MSG, aspartame, food additives, and overconsumption of high-fructose corn sweetener. These cause high glutamate levels in the brain and oxidative damage –resulting in inflammation of the brain and immune system, as well as damage to brain microglia cells and the mitochondrial DNA, high triglycerides, metabolic syndrome, etc.(593) These have been found to be factors in most chronic neurological diseases including autism and diabetes.

The brain has elaborate protective mechanisms for regulating neurotransmitters such as glutamate, which is the most abundant of all neurotransmitters. When these protective regulatory mechanisms are damaged or affected, chronic neurological conditions such as autism can result (593). Mercury and other toxic metals inhibit astrocyte function in the brain and CNS(22,129), causing increased glutamate and calcium related neurotoxicity (129,333,416,496,593). Mercury and increased glutamate activate free radical forming processes like xanthine oxidase which produce oxygen radicals and oxidative neurological damage(142,13).

These inflammatory processes damage cell structures including DNA, mitochondria, and cell membranes. They also activate microglia cells in the brain, which control brain inflammation and immunity. Once activated, the microglia secrete large amounts of neurotoxic substances such as glutamate, an excitotoxin, which adds to inflammation and stimulates the area of the brain associated with anxiety(593,598,22). Inflammation also disrupts brain neurotransmitters resulting in reduced levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Some of the main causes of such disturbances that have been documented include vaccines, mercury, aluminum, other toxic metals, MSG, aspartame, etc. (593,598,22,500,582,570,571,etc.)

Inflammation induced by vaccine adjuvants like aluminum and mercury or by excitotoxins like MSG has been found to play a significant role in insulin resistance(type-2 diabetes) and in high levels of LDL cholesterol(593,597,598,etc.). Type 2 diabetes is an epidemic among young Americans and greatly increases the incidence of heart attack, blindness, stoke, infertility, and early death. There is also evidence that the diet drink sweetener aspartame can cause or increase the effects of diabetes and hypoglycemia (450,498). Iron overload has also been found to be a cause of insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes(595).

2. Impairment of methionine synthase function and impairment of folate-depdendent methylation.

The authors of 2 new studies of thimerosal developmental effects(88) write: "Our studies... provide evidence that mercury, aluminum, other heavy metals and the vaccine preservative thimerosal potently interfere with [methionine synthase] activation and impair folate-dependent methylation.

Studies have also found heavy metals to deplete glutathione and bind.

READ more:
http://www.flcv.com/kidshg.html

Nanomolar aluminum induces pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic gene expression in human brain cells in primary culture
Walter J. Lukiw a,*, Maire E. Percy b, Theo P. Kruck b
Neuroscience Center of Excellence and Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,
Neurogenetics Laboratories, Surrey Place Center and Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Tanz Neuroscience Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada 
Accepted 20 April 2005

Excerpt:

The promoters of genes up-regulated by aluminum are enriched in binding sites for the stress-inducible transcription factors HIF-1 and NF-kappaB, suggesting a role for aluminum, HIF-1 and NF-kappaB in driving atypical, pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic gene expression. The effect of aluminum on specific stress-related gene expression patterns in human brain cells clearly warrant further investigation.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0162013405001182

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15961160 

Review 
Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure 
Published: 7 November 2012 

Abstract: Autism is a condition characterized by impaired cognitive and social skills, associated with compromised immune function. The incidence is alarmingly on the rise, and environmental factors are increasingly suspected to play a role. This paper investigates word frequency patterns in the U.S. CDC Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database. Our results provide strong evidence supporting a link between autism and the aluminum in vaccines. A literature review showing toxicity of aluminum in human physiology offers further support. Mentions of autism in VAERS increased steadily at the end of the last century, during a period when mercury was being phased out, while aluminum adjuvant burden was being increased. Using standard log-likelihood ratio techniques, we identify several signs and symptoms that are significantly more prevalent in vaccine reports after 2000, including cellulitis, seizure, depression, fatigue, pain and death, which are also significantly associated with aluminum-containing vaccines. We propose that children with the autism diagnosis are especially vulnerable to toxic metals such as aluminum and mercury due to insufficient serum sulfate and glutathione. A strong 
correlation between autism and the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine is also observed, which may be partially
explained via an increased sensitivity to acetaminophen administered to control fever.

Read more:
http://people.csail.mit.edu/seneff/Entropy/entropy-14-02227.pdf 

This next study is a new spin on the (genetic) research that refutes anything that Paul Offit has tried to find and put forth on a genetic cause of ASD. 

N Am J Med Sci. 2009 July; 1(2): 28–47.
What is regressive autism and why does it occur? Is it the consequence of multi-systemic dysfunction affecting the elimination of heavy metals and the ability to regulate neural temperature?
Graham E. Ewing

Abstract
There is a compelling argument that the occurrence of regressive autism is attributable to genetic and chromosomal abnormalities, arising from the overuse of vaccines, which subsequently affects the stability and function of the autonomic nervous system and physiological systems. That sense perception is linked to the autonomic nervous system and the function of the physiological systems enables us to examine the significance of autistic symptoms from a systemic perspective. Failure of the excretory system influences elimination of heavy metals and facilitates their accumulation and subsequent manifestation as neurotoxins: the long-term consequences of which would lead to neurodegeneration, cognitive and developmental problems. It may also influence regulation of neural hyperthermia. This article explores the issues and concludes that sensory dysfunction and systemic failure, manifested as autism, is the inevitable consequence arising from subtle DNA alteration and consequently from the overuse of vaccines.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3364648/ (Full study)

Glutathione, Tylenol, Vaccine Adverse Reactions, and ASD
http://www.vacfacts.info/glutathione-tylenol-vaccine-adverse-reactions-and-asd.html

Study: Evidence that Acetaminophen, Especially in Conjunction with Vaccines, is a Major Cause of Autism and Asthma
http://healthimpactnews.com/2013/study-evidence-that-acetaminophen-especially-in-conjunction-with-vaccines-is-a-major-cause-of-autism-and-asthma/

Evidence that Increased Acetaminophen use in Genetically Vulnerable Children Appears to be a Major Cause of the Epidemics of Autism, Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity, and Asthma
http://www.greatplainslaboratory.com/home/eng/Acetaminophen.asp

This Study Reveals Children are Being Vaccinated With Toxic Levels of Aluminum Causing Neurological Damage and Autism
http://vactruth.com/2014/01/28/toxic-levels-of-aluminum/
 
Curr Med Chem. 2013;20(32):4030-6.
Autoimmune (auto-inflammatory) syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA)--animal models as a proof of concept.
Cruz-Tapias P, Agmon-Levin N, Israeli E, Anaya JM, Shoenfeld Y.

Abstract
ASIA syndrome, "Autoimmune (Auto-inflammatory) Syndromes Induced by Adjuvants" includes at least four conditions which share a similar complex of signs and symptoms and have been defined by hyperactive immune responses: siliconosis, macrophagic myofasciitis syndrome, Gulf war syndrome and post-vaccination phenomena. Exposure to adjuvants has been documented in these four medical conditions, suggesting that the common denominator to these syndromes is a trigger entailing adjuvant activity. An important role of animal models in proving the ASIA concept has been established. Experimentally animal models of autoimmune diseases induced by adjuvants are currently widely used to understand the mechanisms and etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases and might thus promote the development of new diagnostic, predictive and therapeutic methods. In the current review we wish to unveil the variety of ASIA animal models associated with systemic and organ specific autoimmune diseases induced by adjuvants. We included in this review animal models for rheumatoid arthritis-like disease, for systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease, autoimmune thyroid disease-like disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, myocarditis and others. All these models support the concept of ASIA, as the Autoimmune (Auto-inflammatory) Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23992328

Surg Neurol Int. 2011; 2: 107.
Published online 2011 July 30. doi:  10.4103/2152-7806.83391
PMCID: PMC3157093
Immunoexcitotoxicity as a central mechanism in chronic traumatic encephalopathy—A unifying hypothesis
Published online 2011 July 30. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.83391
PMCID: PMC3157093
Russell L. Blaylock* and Joseph Maroon1

Abstract
Some individuals suffering from mild traumatic brain injuries, especially repetitive mild concussions, are thought to develop a slowly progressive encephalopathy characterized by a number of the neuropathological elements shared with various neurodegenerative diseases. A central pathological mechanism explaining the development of progressive neurodegeneration in this subset of individuals has not been elucidated. Yet, a large number of studies indicate that a process called immunoexcitotoxicity may be playing a central role in many neurodegenerative diseases including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The term immunoexcitotoxicity was first coined by the lead author to explain the evolving pathological and neurodevelopmental changes in autism and the Gulf War Syndrome, but it can be applied to a number of neurodegenerative disorders. The interaction between immune receptors within the central nervous system (CNS) and excitatory glutamate receptors trigger a series of events, such as extensive reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species generation, accumulation of lipid peroxidation products, and prostaglandin activation, which then leads to dendritic retraction, synaptic injury, damage to microtubules, and mitochondrial suppression. In this paper, we discuss the mechanism of immunoexcitotoxicity and its link to each of the pathophysiological and neurochemical events previously described with CTE, with special emphasis on the observed accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3157093/  

A Parent’s Primer: Vasculitis and Vaccines, (More inflammation problems, likely due to the aluminum adjuvants, this time its in the blood vessels. Referenced)
http://sanevax.org/a-parents-primer-vasculitis-and-vaccines/

Slow CCL2-dependent translocation of biopersistent particles from muscle to brain

Abstract

Background

Long-term biodistribution of nanomaterials used in medicine is largely unknown. This is the case for alum, the most widely used vaccine adjuvant, which is a nanocrystalline compound spontaneously forming micron/submicron-sized agglomerates. Although generally well tolerated, alum is occasionally detected within monocyte-lineage cells long after immunization in presumably susceptible individuals with systemic/neurologic manifestations or autoimmune (inflammatory) syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA).

Methods

On the grounds of preliminary investigations in 252 patients with alum-associated ASIA showing both a selective increase of circulating CCL2, the major monocyte chemoattractant, and a variation in the CCL2 gene, we designed mouse experiments to assess biodistribution of vaccine-derived aluminum and of alum-particle fluorescent surrogates injected in muscle. Aluminum was detected in tissues by Morin stain and particle induced X-ray emission) (PIXE) Both 500 nm fluorescent latex beads and vaccine alum agglomerates-sized nanohybrids (Al-Rho) were used.

Results

Intramuscular injection of alum-containing vaccine was associated with the appearance of aluminum deposits in distant organs, such as spleen and brain where they were still detected one year after injection. Both fluorescent materials injected into muscle translocated to draining lymph nodes (DLNs) and thereafter were detected associated with phagocytes in blood and spleen. Particles linearly accumulated in the brain up to the six-month endpoint; they were first found in perivascular CD11b+ cells and then in microglia and other neural cells. DLN ablation dramatically reduced the biodistribution. Cerebral translocation was not observed after direct intravenous injection, but significantly increased in mice with chronically altered blood-brain-barrier. Loss/gain-of-function experiments consistently implicated CCL2 in systemic diffusion of Al-Rho particles captured by monocyte-lineage cells and in their subsequent neurodelivery. Stereotactic particle injection pointed out brain retention as a factor of progressive particle accumulation.

Conclusion

Nanomaterials can be transported by monocyte-lineage cells to DLNs, blood and spleen, and, similarly to HIV, may use CCL2-dependent mechanisms to penetrate the brain. This occurs at a very low rate in normal conditions explaining good overall tolerance of alum despite its strong neurotoxic potential. However, continuously escalating doses of this poorly biodegradable adjuvant in the population may become insidiously unsafe, especially in the case of overimmunization or immature/altered blood brain barrier or high constitutive CCL-2 production.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23557144
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/99

J Immunol. 2008 Sep 15;181(6):3755-9.
Cutting edge: alum adjuvant stimulates inflammatory dendritic cells through activation of the NALP3 inflammasome.
Kool M, Pétrilli V, De Smedt T, Rolaz A, Hammad H, van Nimwegen M, Bergen IM, Castillo R, Lambrecht BN, Tschopp J.

Abstract
Adjuvants are vaccine additives that stimulate the immune system without having any specific antigenic effect of itself. In this study we show that alum adjuvant induces the release of IL-1beta from macrophages and dendritic cells and that this is abrogated in cells lacking various NALP3 inflammasome components. The NALP3 inflammasome is also required in vivo for the innate immune response to OVA in alum. The early production of IL-1beta and the influx of inflammatory cells into the peritoneal cavity is strongly reduced in NALP3-deficient mice. The activation of adaptive cellular immunity to OVA-alum is initiated by monocytic dendritic cell precursors that induce the expansion of Ag-specific T cells in a NALP3-dependent way. We propose that, in addition to TLR stimulators, agonists of the NALP3 inflammasome should also be considered as vaccine adjuvants.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18768827

The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in neurotoxic prion peptide-induced microglial activation
http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/9/1/73/abstract

Neuro-inflammation, blood-brain barrier, seizures and autism
Theoharis C Theoharides1234* and Bodi Zhang12

Abstract
Many children with Autism Spectrum Diseases (ASD) present with seizure activity, but the pathogenesis is not understood. Recent evidence indicates that neuro-inflammation could contribute to seizures. We hypothesize that brain mast cell activation due to allergic, environmental and/or stress triggers could lead to focal disruption of the blood-brain barrier and neuro-inflammation, thus contributing to the development of seizures. Treating neuro-inflammation may be useful when anti-seizure medications are ineffective.

http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/8/1/168

Aluminum adjuvant linked to Gulf War illness induces motor neuron death in mice.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17114826
FULLTEXT available here http://www.beijingdoula.com/research-sharing-1.html


This Study Reveals Children are Being Vaccinated With Toxic Levels of Aluminium Causing Neurological Damage and Autism
http://vactruth.com/2014/01/28/toxic-levels-of-aluminum/

--------------

Research Article
The Severity of Autism Is Associated with Toxic Metal Body Burden and Red Blood Cell Glutathione Levels

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship of children's autism symptoms with their toxic metal body burden and red blood cell (RBC) glutathione levels. In children ages 3–8 years, the severity of autism was assessed using four tools: ADOS, PDD-BI, ATEC, and SAS. Toxic metal body burden was assessed by measuring urinary excretion of toxic metals, both before and after oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Multiple positive correlations were found between the severity of autism and the urinary excretion of toxic metals. Variations in the severity of autism measurements could be explained, in part, by regression analyses of urinary excretion of toxic metals before and after DMSA and the level of RBC glutathione (adjusted  of 0.22–0.45,  in all cases). This study demonstrates a significant positive association between the severity of autism and the relative body burden of toxic metals.

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jt/2009/532640/

Microglia in the developing brain: A potential target with lifetime effects
G. Jean Harrya, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author, Andrew D. Kraftb
a National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 

Abstract
Microglia are a heterogenous group of monocyte-derived cells serving multiple roles within the brain, many of which are associated with immune and macrophage like properties. These cells are known to serve a critical role during brain injury and to maintain homeostasis; yet, their defined roles during development have yet to be elucidated. Microglial actions appear to influence events associated with neuronal proliferation and differentiation during development, as well as, contribute to processes associated with the removal of dying neurons or cellular debris and management of synaptic connections. These long-lived cells display changes during injury and with aging that are critical to the maintenance of the neuronal environment over the lifespan of the organism. These processes may be altered by changes in the colonization of the brain or by inflammatory events during development. This review addresses the role of microglia during brain development, both structurally and functionally, as well as the inherent vulnerability of the developing nervous system. A framework is presented considering microglia as a critical nervous system-specific cell that can influence multiple aspects of brain development (e.g., vascularization, synaptogenesis, and myelination) and have a long term impact on the functional vulnerability of the nervous system to a subsequent insult, whether environmental, physical, age-related, or disease-related.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161813X12000277

Lupus. 2012 Feb;21(2):223-30. doi: 10.1177/0961203311430221.
Mechanisms of aluminum adjuvant toxicity and autoimmunity in pediatric populations.
Tomljenovic L, Shaw CA.

Abstract
Immune challenges during early development, including those vaccine-induced, can lead to permanent detrimental alterations of the brain and immune function. Experimental evidence also shows that simultaneous administration of as little as two to three immune adjuvants can overcome genetic resistance to autoimmunity. In some developed countries, by the time children are 4 to 6 years old, they will have received a total of 126 antigenic compounds along with high amounts of aluminum (Al) adjuvants through routine vaccinations. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, safety assessments for vaccines have often not included appropriate toxicity studies because vaccines have not been viewed as inherently toxic. Taken together, these observations raise plausible concerns about the overall safety of current childhood vaccination programs. When assessing adjuvant toxicity in children, several key points ought to be considered: (i) infants and children should not be viewed as "small adults" with regard to toxicological risk as their unique physiology makes them much more vulnerable to toxic insults; (ii) in adult humans Al vaccine adjuvants have been linked to a variety of serious autoimmune and inflammatory conditions (i.e., "ASIA"), yet children are regularly exposed to much higher amounts of Al from vaccines than adults; (iii) it is often assumed that peripheral immune responses do not affect brain function. However, it is now clearly established that there is a bidirectional neuro-immune cross-talk that plays crucial roles in immunoregulation as well as brain function. In turn, perturbations of the neuro-immune axis have been demonstrated in many autoimmune diseases encompassed in "ASIA" and are thought to be driven by a hyperactive immune response; and (iv) the same components of the neuro-immune axis that play key roles in brain development and immune function are heavily targeted by Al adjuvants. In summary, research evidence shows that increasing concerns about current vaccination practices may indeed be warranted. Because children may be most at risk of vaccine-induced complications, a rigorous evaluation of the vaccine-related adverse health impacts in the pediatric population is urgently needed.

http://lup.sagepub.com/content/21/2/223.short http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22235057

Do aluminum vaccine adjuvants contribute to the rising prevalence of autism?
Lucija Tomljenovic a,  Christopher A. Shaw a,b

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are serious multisystem developmental disorders and an urgent global public health concern. Dysfunctional immunity and impaired brain function are core deficits in ASD. Aluminum (Al), the most commonly used vaccine adjuvant, is a demonstrated neurotoxin and a strong immune stimulator. Hence, adjuvant Al has the potential to induce neuroimmune disorders. When assessing adjuvant toxicity in children, two key points ought to be considered: (i) children should not be viewed as “small adults” as their unique physiology makes them much more vulnerable to toxic insults; and (ii) if exposure to Al from only few vaccines can lead to cognitive impairment and autoimmunity in adults, is it unreasonable to question whether the current pediatric schedules, often containing 18 Al adjuvanted vaccines, are safe for children? By applying Hill's criteria for establishing causality between exposure and outcome we investigated whether exposure to Al from vaccines could be contributing to the rise in ASD prevalence in the Western world. Our results show that: (i) children from countries with the highest ASD prevalence appear to have the highest exposure to Al from vaccines; (ii) the increase in exposure to Al adjuvants significantly correlates with the increase in ASD prevalence in the United States observed over the last two decades (Pearson r=0.92, pb0.0001); and (iii) a significant correlation exists between the amounts of Al administered to preschool children and the current prevalence of ASD in seven Western countries, particularly at 3–4 months of age (Pearson r=0.89–0.94, p=0.0018–0.0248). The application of the Hill's criteria to these data indicates that the correlation between Al in vaccines and ASD may be causal. Because children represent a fraction of the population most at risk for complications following exposure to Al, a more rigorous evaluation of Al adjuvant safety seems warranted.

http://omsj.org/reports/tomljenovic%202011.pdf  

Aluminum Vaccine Adjuvants: Are they Safe? 
L. Tomljenovic*,1 and C.A. Shaw2

Abstract: Aluminum is an experimentally demonstrated neurotoxin and the most commonly used vaccine adjuvant. Despite almost 90 years of widespread use of aluminum adjuvants, medical science’s understanding about their mechanisms of action is still remarkably poor. There is also a concerning scarcity of data on toxicology and pharmacokinetics of these compounds. In spite of this, the notion that aluminum in vaccines is safe appears to be widely accepted. Experimental research, however, clearly shows that aluminum adjuvants have a potential to induce serious immunological disorders in humans. In particular, aluminum in adjuvant form carries a risk for autoimmunity, long-term brain inflammation and associated neurological complications and may thus have profound and widespread adverse health consequences. In our opinion, the possibility that vaccine benefits may have been overrated and the risk of potential adverse effects underestimated, has not been rigorously evaluated in the medical and scientific community. We hope that the present paper will provide a framework for a much needed and long overdue assessment of this highly contentious medical issue. 

http://www.meerwetenoverfreek.nl/images/stories/Tomljenovic_Shaw-CMC-published.pdf

Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2013 Apr;9(4):361-73. doi: 10.1586/eci.13.2.
Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (Shoenfeld's syndrome): clinical and immunological spectrum.
Vera-Lastra O, Medina G, Cruz-Dominguez Mdel P, Jara LJ, Shoenfeld Y.

Abstract
An adjuvant is a substance that enhances the antigen-specific immune response, induces the release of inflammatory cytokines, and interacts with Toll-like receptors and the NALP3 inflammasome. The immunological consequence of these actions is to stimulate the innate and adaptive immune response. The activation of the immune system by adjuvants, a desirable effect, could trigger manifestations of autoimmunity or autoimmune disease. Recently, a new syndrome was introduced, autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA), that includes postvaccination phenomena, macrophagic myofasciitis, Gulf War syndrome and siliconosis. This syndrome is characterized by nonspecific and specific manifestations of autoimmune disease. The main substances associated with ASIA are squalene (Gulf War syndrome), aluminum hydroxide (postvaccination phenomena, macrophagic myofasciitis) and silicone with siliconosis. Mineral oil, guaiacol and iodine gadital are also associated with ASIA. The following review describes the wide clinical spectrum and pathogenesis of ASIA including defined autoimmune diseases and nonspecific autoimmune manifestations, as well as the outlook of future research in this field.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23557271

Autoimmune or auto-inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA): Old truths and a new syndrome?
Pier Luigi Meronia,b,*
a Chair and Division of Rheumatology, Istituto G. Pini, Milan, Italy
b IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

Abstract

There has been considerable interest in the role of environmental factors and the induction of autoim- munity and the ways by which they facilitate loss of tolerance. Clearly both genetic and environmental factors are incriminated, as evidenced by the lack of concordance in identical twins and the relatively recent identification of the shared epitope in rheumatoid arthritis. In this issue a new syndrome called ’Asia’-autoimmune/auto-inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants has been proposed. It is an intriguing issue and one that is likely to be provocative and lead to further biologic and molecular investigations

http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/16063327/1870391070/name/ASIA3.pdf

Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2013 Apr;9(4):361-73. doi: 10.1586/eci.13.2.
Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (Shoenfeld's syndrome): clinical and immunological spectrum.
Vera-Lastra O, Medina G, Cruz-Dominguez Mdel P, Jara LJ, Shoenfeld Y.

Abstract
An adjuvant is a substance that enhances the antigen-specific immune response, induces the release of inflammatory cytokines, and interacts with Toll-like receptors and the NALP3 inflammasome. The immunological consequence of these actions is to stimulate the innate and adaptive immune response. The activation of the immune system by adjuvants, a desirable effect, could trigger manifestations of autoimmunity or autoimmune disease. Recently, a new syndrome was introduced, autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA), that includes postvaccination phenomena, macrophagic myofasciitis, Gulf War syndrome and siliconosis. This syndrome is characterized by nonspecific and specific manifestations of autoimmune disease. The main substances associated with ASIA are squalene (Gulf War syndrome), aluminum hydroxide (postvaccination phenomena, macrophagic myofasciitis) and silicone with siliconosis. Mineral oil, guaiacol and iodine gadital are also associated with ASIA. The following review describes the wide clinical spectrum and pathogenesis of ASIA including defined autoimmune diseases and nonspecific autoimmune manifestations, as well as the outlook of future research in this field.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23557271

Reumatismo. 2011;63(2):63-6.
'ASIA' - Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants: even and odd.
Perricone C, Alessandri C, Valesini G.

Abstract
Recently, Shoenfeld and Agmon-Levin described a potential new syndrome, namely ASIA - autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants, that comprises four medical conditions: siliconosis, the Gulf war syndrome, the macrophagic myofasciitis syndrome and post-vaccination phenomena, characterized by hyperactive immune responses accompanied by a similar complex of signs and symptoms. Most relevantly, these conditions share a linkage represented by adjuvants. This common soil may possibly induce autoimmune or auto-inflammatory diseases in humans as it was demonstrated in different animal models. Reconsidering under a unified umbrella this apparently detached condition is not only intriguing, but also provocative, and may help in unraveling novel pathogenetic mechanisms, preventive measures, and therapeutic targets.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21776441

Lupus. 2012 Feb;21(2):223-30. doi: 10.1177/0961203311430221.
Mechanisms of aluminum adjuvant toxicity and autoimmunity in pediatric populations
Tomljenovic L, Shaw CA.

Abstract
Immune challenges during early development, including those vaccine-induced, can lead to permanent detrimental alterations of the brain and immune function. Experimental evidence also shows that simultaneous administration of as little as two to three immune adjuvants can overcome genetic resistance to autoimmunity. In some developed countries, by the time children are 4 to 6 years old, they will have received a total of 126 antigenic compounds along with high amounts of aluminum (Al) adjuvants through routine vaccinations. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, safety assessments for vaccines have often not included appropriate toxicity studies because vaccines have not been viewed as inherently toxic. Taken together, these observations raise plausible concerns about the overall safety of current childhood vaccination programs. When assessing adjuvant toxicity in children, several key points ought to be considered: (i) infants and children should not be viewed as "small adults" with regard to toxicological risk as their unique physiology makes them much more vulnerable to toxic insults; (ii) in adult humans Al vaccine adjuvants have been linked to a variety of serious autoimmune and inflammatory conditions (i.e., "ASIA"), yet children are regularly exposed to much higher amounts of Al from vaccines than adults; (iii) it is often assumed that peripheral immune responses do not affect brain function. However, it is now clearly established that there is a bidirectional neuro-immune cross-talk that plays crucial roles in immunoregulation as well as brain function. In turn, perturbations of the neuro-immune axis have been demonstrated in many autoimmune diseases encompassed in "ASIA" and are thought to be driven by a hyperactive immune response; and (iv) the same components of the neuro-immune axis that play key roles in brain development and immune function are heavily targeted by Al adjuvants. In summary, research evidence shows that increasing concerns about current vaccination practices may indeed be warranted. Because children may be most at risk of vaccine-induced complications, a rigorous evaluation of the vaccine-related adverse health impacts in the pediatric population is urgently needed.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22235057

Lupus. 2012 Feb;21(2):190-4. doi: 10.1177/0961203311429552.
Gulf War syndrome as a part of the autoimmune (autoinflammatory) syndrome induced by adjuvant (ASIA).
Israeli E.

Abstract
Gulf War syndrome (GWS) is a multi-symptom condition comprising a variety of signs and symptoms described in the literature, which not been fully resolved. The various symptoms of the condition include muscle fatigue and tiredness, malaise, myalgia, impaired cognition, ataxia, diarrhoea, bladder dysfunction, sweating disturbances, headaches, fever, arthralgia, skin rashes, and gastrointestinal and sleep disturbances. In addition, excessive chemical sensitivity and odour intolerance is reported. The aetiology of the condition is unclear, but many reviews and epidemiological analyses suggest association with pyridostigmine bromide (PB), certain vaccination regimes, a variety of possible chemical exposures, including smoke from oil-well fires or depleted uranium from shells, as well as physical and psychological stress. Recently, Shoenfeld et al. suggested that four conditions--siliconosis, macrophagic myofaciitis (MMF), GWS and post-vaccination phenomena--that share clinical and pathogenic resemblances, may be incorporated into common syndrome called 'Autoimmune (Autoinflammatory) Syndrome induced by Adjuvants' (ASIA). Symptoms and signs of the four conditions described by Shoenfeld et al. show that at least eight out of ten main symptoms are in correlation in all four conditions. Namely, myalgia, arthralgias, chronic fatigue, neurological cognitive impairment, gastrointestinal symptoms, respiratory symptoms, skin manifestations and appearance of autoantibodies. Regardless of the aetiology of GWS, be it exposure to environmental factors or chemical drugs, vaccinations or the adjuvants in them, GWS fits well with the definition of ASIA and is included as part of 'Shoenfeld's syndrome'.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22235052

Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Jul;20(2):467-73. Complete Freunds adjuvant-induced peripheral inflammation evokes glial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the CNS. 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15233755

Evidence of oxidative damage and inflammation associated with low glutathione redox status in the autism brain
S Rose1, S Melnyk1, O Pavliv1, S Bai1, T G Nick1, R E Frye1 and S J James1
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
Accepted 31 May 2012

Abstract
Despite increasing evidence of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of autism, most studies have not evaluated biomarkers within specific brain regions, and the functional consequences of oxidative stress remain relatively understudied. We examined frozen samples from the cerebellum and temporal cortex (Brodmann area 22 (BA22)) from individuals with autism and unaffected controls (n=15 and n=12 per group, respectively). Biomarkers of oxidative stress, including reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and glutathione redox/antioxidant capacity (GSH/GSSG), were measured. Biomarkers of oxidative protein damage (3-nitrotyrosine; 3-NT) and oxidative DNA damage (8-oxo-deoxyguanosine; 8-oxo-dG) were also assessed. Functional indicators of oxidative stress included relative levels of 3-chlorotyrosine (3-CT), an established biomarker of a chronic inflammatory response, and aconitase activity, a biomarker of mitochondrial superoxide production. Consistent with previous studies on plasma and immune cells, GSH and GSH/GSSG were significantly decreased in both autism cerebellum (P<0.01) and BA22 (P<0.01). There was a significant increase in 3-NT in the autism cerebellum and BA22 (P<0.01). Similarly, 8-oxo-dG was significantly increased in autism cerebellum and BA22 (P<0.01 and P=0.01, respectively), and was inversely correlated with GSH/GSSG in the cerebellum (P<0.01). There was a significant increase in 3-CT levels in both brain regions (P<0.01), whereas aconitase activity was significantly decreased in autism cerebellum (P<0.01), and was negatively correlated with GSH/GSSG (P=0.01). Together, these results indicate that decreased GSH/GSSG redox/antioxidant capacity and increased oxidative stress in the autism brain may have functional consequence in terms of a chronic inflammatory response, increased mitochondrial superoxide production, and oxidative protein and DNA damage.

http://www.nature.com/tp/journal/v2/n7/full/tp201261a.html

N Am J Med Sci. 2009 July; 1(2): 28–47.
PMCID: PMC3364648
What is regressive autism and why does it occur? Is it the consequence of multi-systemic dysfunction affecting the elimination of heavy metals and the ability to regulate neural temperature?
Graham E. Ewing

Abstract
There is a compelling argument that the occurrence of regressive autism is attributable to genetic and chromosomal abnormalities, arising from the overuse of vaccines, which subsequently affects the stability and function of the autonomic nervous system and physiological systems. That sense perception is linked to the autonomic nervous system and the function of the physiological systems enables us to examine the significance of autistic symptoms from a systemic perspective. Failure of the excretory system influences elimination of heavy metals and facilitates their accumulation and subsequent manifestation as neurotoxins: the long-term consequences of which would lead to neurodegeneration, cognitive and developmental problems. It may also influence regulation of neural hyperthermia. This article explores the issues and concludes that sensory dysfunction and systemic failure, manifested as autism, is the inevitable consequence arising from subtle DNA alteration and consequently from the overuse of vaccines.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3364648/  (Full study)

Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013 Feb;151(2):171-80. doi: 10.1007/s12011-012-9551-1. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
Toxicological status of children with autism vs. neurotypical children and the association with autism severity.
Adams JB, Audhya T, McDonough-Means S, Rubin RA, Quig D, Geis E, Gehn E, Loresto M, Mitchell J, Atwood S, Barnhouse S, Lee W.

Abstract
This study investigates both the level of toxic metals in children with autism and the possible association of those toxic metals with autism severity. This study involved 55 children with autism ages 5-16 years compared to 44 controls with similar age and gender. The study included measurements of toxic metals in whole blood, red blood cells (RBC), and urine. The autism group had higher levels of lead in RBC (+41 %, p = 0.002) and higher urinary levels of lead (+74 %, p = 0.02), thallium (+77 %, p = 0.0001), tin (+115 %, p = 0.01), and tungsten (+44 %, p = 0.00005). However, the autism group had slightly lower levels of cadmium in whole blood (-19 %, p = 0.003). A stepwise, multiple linear regression analysis found a strong association of levels of toxic metals with variation in the degree of severity of autism for all the severity scales (adjusted R(2) of 0.38-0.47, p < 0.0003). Cadmium (whole blood) and mercury (whole blood and RBC) were the most consistently significant variables. Overall, children with autism have higher average levels of several toxic metals, and levels of several toxic metals are strongly associated with variations in the severity of autism for all three of the autism severity scales investigated.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23192845

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry
Volume 94, Issue 8, 2012
Maternal transfer of mercury to the developing embryo/fetus: is there a safe level?

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) exposure is ubiquitous in modern society via vaccines, fish/crustacea, dental amalgam, food, water, and the atmosphere. This article examines Hg exposure in the context of primary exposure to pregnant women and secondary exposure experienced by their unborn babies. Babies in utero are particularly at risk of higher Hg exposure than adults (on a dose/weight basis through maternal Hg transfer via the placenta), and are more susceptible to adverse effects from mercury and its biologically active compounds. It is, therefore, critical that regulatory advisories around maximum safe Hg exposures account for pregnant women and secondary exposure that children in utero experience. This study focused on standardized embryonic and fetal Hg exposures via primary exposure to the pregnant mother of two common Hg sources (dietary fish and parenteral vaccines). Data demonstrated that Hg exposures, particularly during the first trimester of pregnancy, at well-established dose/weight ratios produced severe damage to humans including death. In light of research suggestive of a mercuric risk factor for childhood conditions such as tic disorders, cerebral palsy, and autism, it is essential that Hg advisories account for secondary prenatal human exposures.

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02772248.2012.724574#.UuF482Tna2V

"In summary, research evidence shows that increasing concerns about current vaccination practices may indeed be warranted. Because children may be most at risk of vaccine-induced complications, a rigorous evaluation of the vaccine-related adverse health impacts in the pediatric population is urgently needed."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22235057/

Expert Pediatrician Exposes Vaccine Myths
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2009/11/14/expert-pediatrician-exposes-vaccine-myths.aspx

HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ALUMINIUM, ALUMINIUM OXIDE, AND ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2782734/pdf/nihms33559.pdf [Full article]
--------------

Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2009 Jul-Sep;21(3):148-61.
Phenotypic expression of autoimmune autistic disorder (AAD): a major subset of autism.
Singh VK.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Autism causes incapacitating neurologic problems in children that last a lifetime. The author of this article previously hypothesized that autism may be caused by autoimmunity to the brain, possibly triggered by a viral infection. This article is a summary of laboratory findings to date plus new data in support of an autoimmune pathogenesis for autism.

METHODS:
Autoimmune markers were analyzed in the sera of autistic and normal children, but the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of some autistic children was also analyzed. Laboratory procedures included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and protein immunoblotting assay.

RESULTS:
Autoimmunity was demonstrated by the presence of brain autoantibodies, abnormal viral serology, brain and viral antibodies in CSF, a positive correlation between brain autoantibodies and viral serology, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and acute-phase reactants, and a positive response to immunotherapy. Many autistic children harbored brain myelin basic protein autoantibodies and elevated levels of antibodies to measles virus and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Measles might be etiologically linked to autism because measles and MMR antibodies (a viral marker) correlated positively to brain autoantibodies (an autoimmune marker)--salient features that characterize autoimmune pathology in autism. Autistic children also showed elevated levels of acute-phase reactants--a marker of systemic inflammation.

CONCLUSIONS:
The scientific evidence is quite credible for our autoimmune hypothesis, leading to the identification of autoimmune autistic disorder (AAD) as a major subset of autism. AAD can be identified by immune tests to determine immune problems before administering immunotherapy. The author has advanced a speculative neuroautoimmune (NAI) model for autism, in which virus-induced autoimmunity is a key player. The latter should be targeted by immunotherapy to help children with autism.

http://www.aacp.com/pdf%2F2103%2F2103ACP_Research1.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19758536

-----

Methylwho? Why You Should Know About Methylation
http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/methylwho-why-you-should-know-about-methylation

-------

Apolipoprotein E

In the field of immune regulation, a growing number of studies point to APOE's interaction with many immunological processes, including suppressing T cell proliferation, macrophage functioning regulation, lipid antigen presentation facilitation (by CD1) [3] to natural killer T cell as well as modulation of inflammation and oxidation.[4]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_E

Which deficiency of that Apolipoprotein E substance, could as well result in additional adverse effects in regard to oxidation and inflammation caused by vaccines, and aluminum adjuvants and/or mercury. In addition to glutathione deficiency.

Vaccines and Toxicity
http://www.sailhome.org/Concerns/Vaccines.html

Myths And Facts Regarding Thimerosal, (Check it out). 
http://www.sailhome.org/Concerns/Vaccines/Thimerosal.html

Mom and Doc discuss Autism.avi (video)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jY0S5tTbEvs

Vaccine Ingredients and Manufacturer Information
(alphabetical order by vaccine)
http://vaccines.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=005206#Dulbecco

Unvaxed DO NOT put others at risk
http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/vaccine-exemptions-do-they-really-put-others-risk

Vaccine ingredients
http://www.greatmothersquestioningvaccines.com/ingredients-general.html

Aluminum
http://www.greatmothersquestioningvaccines.com/aluminum.html 

Formaldehyde
http://www.greatmothersquestioningvaccines.com/formaldehyde.html

Mercury (Thimerosal)
http://www.greatmothersquestioningvaccines.com/mercury-thimerosal.html

Scientific Evidence Suggests The Vaccine-Autism Link Can No Longer Be Ignored
http://www.collective-evolution.com/2013/09/12/22-medical-studies-that-show-vaccines-can-cause-autism/

How Do Vaccines Work? Immune Mechanisms and Consequences
by Stephen C. Marini, DC, PhD
From Dr. Moskowitz’s previous article in Pathways (issue 10), we learned that the theoretical effect of vaccines on the infectious diseases they are designed to protect against is misleading at best
Read more:
http://pathwaystofamilywellness.org/component/option,com_crossjoomlaarticlemanager/Itemid,375/aid,1369/view,crossjoomlaarticlemanager/

The Dose Makes The Poison Argument 
http://autismrawdata.net/1/post/2014/01/the-dose-makes-the-poison-argument.html

Does "the dose make the poison?"
http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/NewScience/lowdose/lowdoseeffects.htm

The Dose Makes the Poison--Or Does It? 
http://www.actionbioscience.org/environment/trautmann.html

Vaccine Ingredients — A Comprehensive Guide 
http://vaxtruth.org/2011/08/vaccine-ingredients/

Vaccine Fraud: The Polio Elimination by Vaccine Hoax/‘The Change the Name Game’
http://naturalsociety.com/vaccine-fraud-the-polio-elimination-by-vaccine-hoax/

Vaccines Don’t Protect: Exposing the Vaccination for Immunity Fraud
http://naturalsociety.com/exposing-vaccination-for-immunity-fraud/

There is No Such Thing as a Safe Vaccine and there Never Will Be
http://naturalsociety.com/never-be-safe-vaccine-never-will/

Opting Out: The Moral Right to Religious and Conscientious-Belief Exemptions to Vaccination 
http://pathwaystofamilywellness.org/Informed-Choice/opting-out.html

"Cancer was practically unknown until the cowpox vaccination began to be introduced ... I have seen 200 cases of cancer, and never saw a case in an unvaccinated person."
W.B. Clark, New York Times, 1909
http://www.whale.to/m/quotes18.html 

Aluminum Adjuvant in Vaccines Causes Risk to Children According to New Journal Report

A new Canadian study of the mechanisms of aluminum adjuvant toxicity in pediatric patients confirms that immune challenges during early development, including those vaccine-induced, can lead to permanent detrimental alterations of the brain and immune system function. Lucija Tomljenovic, PhD and Christopher A. Shaw, PhD of the University of British Columbia’s evidence-based study was recently published in Lupus, the only fully peer reviewed international journal devoted exclusively to lupus (and related disease) research.

http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/1/prweb9146755.htm

Aluminum Adjuvants - Lack of Safety Data - Lack of Aluminum Adjuvant Safety Studies, ( there are zero existing vaccine safety studies on aluminum adjuvants at the CDC and as well the Paul Offit, CHOP site). 
http://www.vacfacts.info/aluminum-vaccine-adjuvants.html

The Vaccine Damage Science
http://www.vacfacts.info/the-vaccine-damage---science.html

The Unbiased Vaccine Science and Data
http://www.vacfacts.info/the-unbiased-vaccine-science-and-data.html 

May 3, 2013
my list of peer reviewed vaccine research
http://therefurbishedrogue.wordpress.com/2013/05/03/my-list-of-peer-reviewed-vaccine-research/

Self-Organized Criticality Theory of Autoimmunity

Conclusions/Significance
Systemic autoimmunity appears to be the inevitable consequence of over-stimulating the host's immune ‘system’ by repeated immunization with antigen, to the levels that surpass system's self-organized criticality.

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008382 (Full study)

Phenotypic expression of autoimmune autistic disorder (AAD): A major subset of autism

Vijendra K. Singh, PhD
Brain State International Research Center, Scottsdale, AZ, USA

BACKGROUND: Autism causes incapacitating neurologic problems in children that last a lifetime. The author of this article previously hypothesized that autism may be caused by autoimmunity to the brain, possibly triggered by a viral infection. This article is a summary of laboratory findings to date plus new data in support of an autoimmune pathogenesis for autism.

METHODS: Autoimmune markers were analyzed in the sera of autistic and normal children, but the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of some autistic children was also analyzed. Laboratory procedures included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and protein immunoblotting assay.

RESULTS: Autoimmunity was demonstrated by the presence of brain autoantibodies, abnormal viral serology, brain and viral antibodies in CSF, a positive correlation between brain autoantibodies and viral serology, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and acute-phase reactants, and a positive response to immunotherapy. Many autistic children harbored brain myelin basic protein autoantibodies and elevated levels of antibodies to measles virus and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Measles might be etiologically linked to autism because measles and MMR antibodies (a viral marker) correlated positively to brain autoantibodies (an autoimmune marker)—salient features that characterize autoimmune pathology in autism. Autistic children also showed elevated levels of acute-phase reactants—a marker of systemic inflammation.

CONCLUSION: The scientific evidence is quite credible for our autoimmune hypothesis, leading to the identification of autoimmune autistic disorder (AAD) as a major subset of autism. AAD can be identified by immune tests to determine immune problems before administering immunotherapy. The author has advanced a speculative neuroautoimmune (NAI) model for autism, in which virus-induced autoimmunity is a key player. The latter should be targeted by immunotherapy to help children with autism.

https://www.aacp.com/Pages.asp?AID=7937

The 2013 Measles Outbreak: A Failing Vaccine, Not A Failure To Vaccinate
http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/2013-measles-outbreak-failing-vaccine-not-failure-vaccinate1

http://www.greenmedinfo.com/anti-therapeutic-action/vaccination-measles

http://www.greenmedinfo.com/guide/health-guide-vaccine-research

Dr Andrew Wakefield. and the Vindication of: 

The data in question was the pathology reports that showed gastointestinal disease. Wakefield was not in charge of evaluating the pathology reports in this paper that was the charge of Dr. John O' Leary an independent Dublin pathologist. Dr. O'Leary stands by his reports, and they are not challenged by the UK's General Medical Council (GMC).

The UK General Medical Council charged Wakefield with serious professional misconduct and sanction, Wakefield was found guilty by the GMC (General Medical Council, pg. 7 & 9).

Professor Walker-Smith was also charged with and found guilty of serious professional misconduct and sanction, just as Wakefield. The description of the charges were similar with one variation being the monies given to Wakefield via the Legal Aid Board (LAB). On appeal all of the GMC's rulings toward Walker-Smith were overturned. the UK High Court's Mr. Justice Mitting criticized the U.K. General Medical Council, stating its judgment had been "based on inadequate and superficial reasoning" (High Court Of Justice, 2010). The claims of the BMC were deemed false to which they did not appeal this decision. 

http://search.yahoo.com/r/_ylt=A0SO8xFIcc9S0jsAAohXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTEzYzhwdmNsBHNlYwNzcgRwb3MDMwRjb2xvA2dxMQR2dGlkA1ZJUDM1MV8x/SIG=12l1o1f5l/EXP=1389355464/**http%3a//www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf

http://www.gmc-uk.org/Professor_Walker_Smith_SPM.pdf_32595970.pdf

http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2012/503.html


New Video from Gary Null. Dr Humphries: “There will never be a safe vaccine.” 
http://www.vaccinationcouncil.org/2011/12/27/new-video-from-gary-null-dr-humphries-there-will-never-be-a-safe-vaccine/

CFR Council on Fake Realities Vaccine Created Outbreaks? MAP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJHwjDkJdTk&list=PLTOaOQhXVjh07inugA4vNmpGBXlbErylh

Gates Foundation/CFR Propaganda Against 'Anti-Vaccine' Movement Backfires
http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/gates-foundationcfr-propaganda-against-anti-vaccine-movement-backfires 

---------

Some of these studies are above, or only have abstracts above, with the full study here.

HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ALUMINIUM, ALUMINIUM OXIDE, AND ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2782734/pdf/nihms33559.pdf [Full article]

Aluminum hydroxide injections lead to motor deficits and motor neuron degeneration 
http://www.beijingdoula.com/research-sharing-1.html  [Full Study]

Mechanisms of aluminum adjuvant toxicity and autoimmunity in pediatric populations.
FULLTEXT AVAILABLE HERE http://www.beijingdoula.com/research-sharing-1.html

Aluminum adjuvant linked to Gulf War illness induces motor neuron death in mice.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17114826
FULLTEXT available here http://www.beijingdoula.com/research-sharing-1.html

Aluminum hydroxide injections lead to motor deficits and motor neuron degeneration.
J Inorg Biochem. 2009 Nov;103(11):1555-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.05.019. Epub 2009 Aug 20.
FULL TEXT FOR FREE BELOW
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819810/

Aluminum hydroxide injections lead to motor deficits and motor neuron degeneration.
J Inorg Biochem. 2009 Nov;103(11):1555-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.05.019. Epub 2009 Aug 20.
FULL TEXT FOR FREE BELOW
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819810/
Original ncbi listing is here http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19740540

Aluminum in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity.
http://katlynfoxfoundation.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/2013-Shaw-CA-LT-Imm-Res-CNS-Toxicity-of-alum-adjuvants-and-autoimmunity-Immunological-Research.pdf

Immunol Res. 2013 Jul;56(2-3):299-303. doi: 10.1007/s12026-013-8400-4.
Adverse events following immunization with vaccines containing adjuvants.
Cerpa-Cruz S, Paredes-Casillas P, Landeros Navarro E, Bernard-Medina AG, Martínez-Bonilla G, Gutiérrez-Ureña S.

Abstract
A traditional infectious disease vaccine is a preparation of live attenuated, inactivated or killed pathogen that stimulates immunity. Vaccine immunologic adjuvants are compounds incorporated into vaccines to enhance immunogenicity. Adjuvants have recently been implicated in the new syndrome named ASIA autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. The objective describes the frequencies of post-vaccination clinical syndrome induced by adjuvants. We performed a cross-sectional study; adverse event following immunization was defined as any untoward medical occurrence that follows immunization 54 days prior to the event. Data on vaccinations and other risk factors were obtained from daily epidemiologic surveillance. Descriptive statistics were done using means and standard deviation, and odds ratio adjusted for potential confounding variables was calculated with SPSS 17 software. Forty-three out of 120 patients with moderate or severe manifestations following immunization were hospitalized from 2008 to 2011. All patients fulfilled at least 2 major and 1 minor criteria suggested by Shoenfeld and Agmon-Levin for ASIA diagnosis. The most frequent clinical findings were pyrexia 68%, arthralgias 47%, cutaneous disorders 33%, muscle weakness 16% and myalgias 14%. Three patients had diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome, one patient had Adult-Still's disease 3 days after vaccination. A total of 76% of the events occurred in the first 3 days post-vaccination. Two patients with previous autoimmune disease showed severe adverse reactions with the reactivation of their illness. Minor local reactions were present in 49% of patients. Vaccines containing adjuvants may be associated with an increased risk of autoimmune/inflammatory adverse events following immunization.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23576057

Macrophagic myofasciitis lesions assess long-term persistence of vaccine-derived aluminium hydroxide in muscle.
FULL TEXT 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11522584

Macrophagic myofasciitis associated with vaccine-derived aluminium
https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2005/183/3/macrophagic-myofasciitis-associated-vaccine-derived-aluminium

J Inorg Biochem. 2009 Nov;103(11):1571-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.08.005. Epub 2009 Aug 20.
Long-term persistence of vaccine-derived aluminum hydroxide is associated with chronic cognitive dysfunction.

Abstract
Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) is an emerging condition, characterized by specific muscle lesions assessing long-term persistence of aluminum hydroxide within macrophages at the site of previous immunization. Affected patients mainly complain of arthromyalgias, chronic fatigue, and cognitive difficulties. We designed a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests to prospectively delineate MMF-associated cognitive dysfunction (MACD). Compared to control patients with arthritis and chronic pain, MMF patients had pronounced and specific cognitive impairment. MACD mainly affected (i) both visual and verbal memory; (ii) executive functions, including attention, working memory, and planning; and (iii) left ear extinction at dichotic listening test. Cognitive deficits did not correlate with pain, fatigue, depression, or disease duration. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MACD remain to be determined. In conclusion, long-term persistence of vaccine-derived aluminum hydroxide within the body assessed by MMF is associated with cognitive dysfunction, not solely due to chronic pain, fatigue and depression.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19748679

Lupus. 2012 Feb;21(2):231-8. doi: 10.1177/0961203311430090.
Aluminum as an adjuvant in Crohn's disease induction.
Lerner A.

Abstract
Alum (AlK(SO(4))(2)) is an adjuvant commonly utilized in vaccines, and is a ubiquitous element used extensively in contemporary life. Food, air, water, waste, the earth's surface, and pharmaceuticals all represent pathways of aluminum (Al) exposure. Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals and is caused by yet unidentified environmental factors. Al is a potential factor for the induction of inflammation in CD, and its immune activities share many characteristics with the immune pathology of CD: many luminal bacterial or dietary compounds can be adsorbed to the metal surface and induce Th1 profile cytokines, shared cytokines/chemokines, co-stimulatory molecules, and intracellular pathways and stress-related molecular expression enhancement, affecting intestinal macrobiota, trans-mural granuloma formation, and colitis induction in an animal CD model. The inflammasome plays a central role in Al mode of action and in CD pathophysiology. It is suggested that Al adjuvant activity can fit between the aberrations of innate and adaptive immune responses occurring in CD. The CD mucosa is confronted with numerous inappropriate bacterial components adsorbed on the Al compound surface, constituting a pro-inflammatory supra-adjuvant. Al fits the diagnostic criteria of the newly described autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. If a cause and effect relationship can be established, the consequences will greatly impact public health and CD prevention and management.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22235058

---------

J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;23(4):567-98. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-101494.
Aluminum and Alzheimer's disease: after a century of controversy, is there a plausible link?
Tomljenovic L.

Abstract
The brain is a highly compartmentalized organ exceptionally susceptible to accumulation of metabolic errors. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease of the elderly and is characterized by regional specificity of neural aberrations associated with higher cognitive functions. Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant neurotoxic metal on earth, widely bioavailable to humans and repeatedly shown to accumulate in AD-susceptible neuronal foci. In spite of this, the role of Al in AD has been heavily disputed based on the following claims: 1) bioavailable Al cannot enter the brain in sufficient amounts to cause damage, 2) excess Al is efficiently excreted from the body, and 3) Al accumulation in neurons is a consequence rather than a cause of neuronal loss. Research, however, reveals that: 1) very small amounts of Al are needed to produce neurotoxicity and this criterion is satisfied through dietary Al intake, 2) Al sequesters different transport mechanisms to actively traverse brain barriers, 3) incremental acquisition of small amounts of Al over a lifetime favors its selective accumulation in brain tissues, and 4) since 1911, experimental evidence has repeatedly demonstrated that chronic Al intoxication reproduces neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Misconceptions about Al bioavailability may have misled scientists regarding the significance of Al in the pathogenesis of AD. The hypothesis that Al significantly contributes to AD is built upon very solid experimental evidence and should not be dismissed. Immediate steps should be taken to lessen human exposure to Al, which may be the single most aggravating and avoidable factor related to AD.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21157018

A profoundly correct piece of information by Mr Kalokerinos, and that has been additionally of course, been verified by other sources as well. (Vaccine, caused).

Shaken Babies by Archie Kalokerinos, MD
http://www.whale.to/a/kalokerinos_sbs.html

Brainwashed Police Prosecute Parents to Protect Vaccines | Vactruth.com
http://vactruth.com/2012/11/08/brainwashed-police-ignore-vaccine-injuries/

How the Medical Profession Covered Up Vaccine Injuries and Called it ‘Child Abuse’ | Vactruth.com
http://vactruth.com/2012/02/14/medical-cover-up-child-abuse/

Index-Articles
http://www.vaclib.org/basic/sbsindex.htm

[PDF] Mohammed Ali Al-Bayati, PhD, DABT, DABVT - Vacinfo.Org
www.vacinfo.org/Man117_129.pdf

Dr. Mohammad Ali Al-Bayati, PhD, DABT, DABVT  Toxicologist & Pathologist
http://www.toxi-health.com/falseaccusationsofsbs.html

Shaken Baby Syndrome or Vaccine-Induced Encephalitis?
Harold E. Buttram, MD

http://www.jpands.org/hacienda/buttram.html

http://www.profitableharm.com/Harold%20E.%20Buttram.html

Shaken Baby Syndrome or Vaccine-Induced Encephalomyelitis?
The Story of Baby Alan
http://www.freeyurko.bizland.com/storyofbabyalan.html

Shaken Baby Syndrome Diagnosis On Shaky Ground
Viera Scheibner, PhD
[PDF] www.medicalveritas.com/R0014.pdf

Are mothers natural protectors or baby killers? Shaken Baby Syndrome and vaccines
http://vactruth.com/2010/01/26/are-mothers-natural-protectors-or-baby-killers-shaken-baby-syndrome-and-vaccines/

The Stepchildren of Modern Medicine, as Applied to Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS)/Non-accidental Injury (NAI)
http://www.vaccinationcouncil.org/2010/07/21/the-stepchildren-of-modern-medicine-as-applied-to-shaken-baby-syndrome-sbsnon-accidental-injury-nai/

Your Immune System, How It Works And How Vaccines Damage It
http://www.vaccineriskawareness.com/Your-Immune-System-How-It-Works-And-How-Vaccines-Damage-It

How Do Vaccines Work? Immune Mechanisms and Consequences 
http://pathwaystofamilywellness.org/component/option,com_crossjoomlaarticlemanager/Itemid,375/aid,1369/view,crossjoomlaarticlemanager/#sthash.rkJSugBv.dpuf

Anatomy and Physiology of the Immune System, Part 4
How pharmaceuticals destroy nature
http://jonbarron.org/article/anatomy-and-physiology-immune-system-part-4#.UwH0pvldXbY

Understanding immunity requires more than immunology
http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v11/n7/full/ni0710-561.html

------------

Aluminum in hippocampal neurons from humans with Alzheimer's disease.
Publication: Neurotoxicology 
Publication Date: 2006 
Study Author(s): Walton, J R; 
Institution: Australian Institute for Biomedical Research, Sydney, NSW 2204, Australia.

Using a staining technique developed in 2004, we examined hippocampal tissue from autopsy-confirmed cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and controls. The stain disclosed Aluminum in cells and subcellular structure. All pyramidal neurons in these aged specimens appeared to exhibit at least some degree of aluminum staining. Many displayed visible Aluminum only in their nucleolus. At the other extreme were neurons that stained for aluminum throughout their nucleus and cytoplasm. The remainder exhibited intermediate degrees of staining. On the basis of their aluminum staining patterns, all pyramidal neurons could be classified into stages that indicated two distinct neuropathological processes, either (1) progressive increase of nuclear aluminum (often accompanied by granulovacuolar degeneration with granules that stain for aluminum) or (2) formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in regions of aluminum-rich cytoplasm, especially in AD brain tissue. In the latter process, intraneuronal NFTs appeared to displace nuclei and then enucleate the affected neurons during the course of their transformation into extracellular NFTs. Given that the NFTs we observed in human neurons always developed in conjunction with cytoplasmic aluminum, we hypothesize that aluminum plays an important role in their formation and should therefore be reconsidered as a causative factor for AD.

http://science.naturalnews.com/pubmed/16458972.html

International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 914947, 17 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/914947
Review Article
Cognitive Deterioration and Associated Pathology Induced by Chronic Low-Level Aluminum Ingestion in a Translational Rat Model Provides an Explanation of Alzheimer's Disease, Tests for Susceptibility and Avenues for Treatment

Abstract

A translational aging rat model for chronic aluminum (Al) neurotoxicity mimics human Al exposure by ingesting Al, throughout middle age and old age, in equivalent amounts to those ingested by Americans from their food, water, and Al additives. Most rats that consumed Al in an amount equivalent to the high end of the human total dietary Al range developed severe cognitive deterioration in old age. High-stage Al accumulation occurred in the entorhinal cortical cells of origin for the perforant pathway and hippocampal CA1 cells, resulting in microtubule depletion and dendritic dieback. Analogous pathological change in humans leads to destruction of the perforant pathway and Alzheimer's disease dementia. The hippocampus is thereby isolated from neocortical input and output normally mediated by the entorhinal cortex. Additional evidence is presented that Al is involved in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, granulovacuolar degeneration, and other pathological changes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The shared characteristics indicate that AD is a human form of chronic Al neurotoxicity. This translational animal model provides fresh strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AD.

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijad/2012/914947/

-------------

ASIA - Autoimmune (Auto-Inflammatory) Syndrome Induced by Adjuvant: A New Syndrome to be Defined

Dr. Yehuda Shoenfeld is the head of the Department of Medicine at the Tel Aviv University since 1984 (age 36). Has founded and is heading the Center for Autoimmune Diseases since 1985 - at the largest hospital in Israel- the Sheba Medical Center, which is affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine in the Tel-Aviv University.

Shoenfeld is the Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases in Tel-Aviv University. His clinical and scientific work focuses on Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. He has published over 1600 papers in journals such as New Eng J Med, Nature, Lancet, Proc Nat Acad Scie, J Clin Invest, J Immunol, Blood, FASEB, J Exp Med, Circulation, Cancer and others. His articles have had over 20,000 citations until 2009. He has authored and edited 25 books, some of which became cornerstones in science and clinical practice, such as "The Mosaic of Autoimmunity", "Infections and Autoimmunity", the textbook "Autoantibodies" and "Diagnostic Criteria of Autoimmune Diseases", all of which were published by Elsevier and sold by thousands.

He is on the editorial board of 43 journals in the field of Rheumatology, and Autoimmunity and is the founder and the editor of the IMAJ (Israel Medical Association Journal) the representative journal of Science and Medicine in the English language in Israel. Shoenfeld is also the founder and Editor of the "Autoimmunity Reviews" (Elsevier) (Impact factor 6.2). He has written over three hundred chapters in different books. For the last 20 years Shoenfeld has been the Editor of "Harefuah" -- The Israel journal in medicine (Hebrew) and edited the Israel Medical Encyclopedia (10 volumes, 5000 items). He has organized over 20 International Congresses in Autoimmunity.

Recently he has opened the new Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases in The Chaim Sheba medical Center. 

Video below: