Understanding the Concept of Original Antigenic Sin as Applies to Vaccination
You can easily see that without a so called universal flu vaccine, that they are creating simply and only a worsening situation. Potentially leading as well to a pandemic flu outbreak that will kill thousands. Really worth it, huh; and to take an injected, toxic, and egg contaminated vaccine? You simply can not remove the contaminants from any cell substance that a vaccine antigen is grown on.
Understanding Original Antigenic Sin in Influenza with a Dynamical System
Abstract
Original antigenic sin is the phenomenon in which prior exposure to an antigen leads to a subsequent suboptimal immune response to a related antigen. Immune memory normally allows for an improved and rapid response to antigens previously seen and is the mechanism by which vaccination works. I here develop a dynamical system model of the mechanism of original antigenic sin in influenza, clarifying and explaining the detailed spin-glass treatment of original antigenic sin. The dynamical system describes the viral load, the quantities of healthy and infected epithelial cells, the concentrations of naïve and memory antibodies, and the affinities of naïve and memory antibodies. I give explicit correspondences between the microscopic variables of the spin-glass model and those of the present dynamical system model. The dynamical system model reproduces the phenomenon of original antigenic sin and describes how a competition between different types of B cells compromises the overall effect of immune response. I illustrate the competition between the naïve and the memory antibodies as a function of the antigenic distance between the initial and subsequent antigens. The suboptimal immune response caused by original antigenic sin is observed when the host is exposed to an antigen which has intermediate antigenic distance to a second antigen previously recognized by the host's immune system.
Read more:
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023910
Understanding Original Antigenic Sin in Influenza with a Dynamical System
Immunity's Illusion
Adam J. Kucharski
Infection with many kinds of disease-causing viruses, such as measles, gives people lifelong immunity against ever developing the illnesses again.
Flu viruses are different, however, because they tend to mutate, or change slightly from year to year, foiling the body's immune defenses.
A few studies have suggested that the first flu strains to which individuals are exposed as children can limit their ability to fight other flu strains later in their life. (actually it is flu vaccines that cause it)
Evidence to support this curious immune reaction, dubbed “original antigenic sin,” has now been found in mathematical models as well.
Read more:
http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v311/n6/full/scientificamerican1214-80.html?WT.ec_id=SCIENTIFICAMERICAN-201412
J Immunol. 2009 Sep 1;183(5):3294-301. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900398. Epub 2009 Jul 31.
Original antigenic sin responses to influenza viruses.
Kim JH1, Skountzou I, Compans R, Jacob J.
Abstract
Most immune responses follow Burnet's rule in that Ag recruits specific lymphocytes from a large repertoire and induces them to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells. However, the phenomenon of "original antigenic sin" stands out as a paradox to Burnet's rule of B cell engagement. Humans, upon infection with a novel influenza strain, produce Abs against older viral strains at the expense of responses to novel, protective antigenic determinants. This exacerbates the severity of the current infection. This blind spot of the immune system and the redirection of responses to the "original Ag" rather than to novel epitopes were described fifty years ago. Recent reports have questioned the existence of this phenomenon. Hence, we revisited this issue to determine the extent to which original antigenic sin is induced by variant influenza viruses. Using two related strains of influenza A virus, we show that original antigenic sin leads to a significant decrease in development of protective immunity and recall responses to the second virus. In addition, we show that sequential infection of mice with two live influenza virus strains leads to almost exclusive Ab responses to the first viral strain, suggesting that original antigenic sin could be a potential strategy by which variant influenza viruses subvert the immune system.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19648276
Influenza Vaccine Causes Illness and Immune Dysfunction (more studies)
http://vaccinepapers.org/influenza-vaccine-immune-suppression/
J Immunol January 1, 2009
Original Antigenic Sin Responses to Influenza Viruses
Jin Hyang Kim, Ioanna Skountzou, Richard Compans and Joshy Jacob
Abstract
Most immune responses follow Burnet's rule in that Ag recruits specific lymphocytes from a large repertoire and induces them to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells. However, the phenomenon of “original antigenic sin” stands out as a paradox to Burnet's rule of B cell engagement. Humans, upon infection with a novel influenza strain, produce Abs against older viral strains at the expense of responses to novel, protective antigenic determinants. This exacerbates the severity of the current infection. This blind spot of the immune system and the redirection of responses to the “original Ag” rather than to novel epitopes were described fifty years ago. Recent reports have questioned the existence of this phenomenon. Hence, we revisited this issue to determine the extent to which original antigenic sin is induced by variant influenza viruses. Using two related strains of influenza A virus, we show that original antigenic sin leads to a significant decrease in development of protective immunity and recall responses to the second virus. In addition, we show that sequential infection of mice with two live influenza virus strains leads to almost exclusive Ab responses to the first viral strain, suggesting that original antigenic sin could be a potential strategy by which variant influenza viruses subvert the immune system.
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2009/07/31/jimmunol.0900398
Full study:
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/early/2009/07/31/jimmunol.0900398.full.pdf
From Original Antigenic Sin to the Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine
http://www.cell.com/trends/immunology/fulltext/S1471-4906(17)30164-3
Immune history influences effectiveness of flu vaccine, study finds
https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2018/02/20/immune-history-influences-effectiveness-flu-vaccine-study-finds
Original antigenic sin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_antigenic_sin
IMPACT OF REPEATED INFLUENZA VACCINATION AMONG CHILDREN AND ADULTS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
https://www.slideserve.com/beauregard-daniel/impact-of-repeated-influenza-vaccination-among-children-and-adults
The Role of T Cell Antagonism and Original Antigenic Sin in Genetic Immunization
Rana A. K. Singh, John R. Rodgers and Michael A. Barry
To counter highly mutable pathogens like HIV-1, a number of vaccines are being developed to deliver multiple mutant forms of viral Ags to provoke multivalent antiviral CTLs. However, it is uncertain whether such multiple mutant epitope vaccines will generate the diverse CTL responses desired or will instead create immune interference. To characterize the role of immune interference by mutant epitopes in this process, we have tested a “worst case” scenario in which the immunodominant epitope of OVA (SIINFEKL) and its in vitro TCR antagonist (SIINFEDL) have been used to genetically immunize C57BL/6 mice. We demonstrate here that sequential delivery of these mutant epitopes provokes original antigenic sin in CD8 T cells as demonstrated by attenuation of CTLs, intracellular IFN-γ production, and MHC I peptide-tetramer staining. By contrast, simultaneous exposure of the immune system to this agonist/antagonist pair not only fails to generate T cell antagonism in vivo, but also avoids original antigenic sin. These observations suggest that simultaneous immunization with vaccines containing mutant epitopes, even T cell antagonists, can indeed generate a diverse array of T cell responses and that at least some immune interference can be avoided by delivering mutant Ags to the immune system simultaneously.
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(Excerpts continued)
Problematic natural immune interference mechanisms can be readily avoided by simultaneous delivery of multigene, multimutant vaccines. (Really, and just look at this Frankenstein madness solution to vaccine caused original antigenic sin; the point to including this is to show directly they they have recognized the said problem directly. The real solution would be to just STOP vaccinating, but of course it is a money making business and they are not about to stop that, and also with no existing legal liability now since 1987).
Read more:
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/169/12/6779
Testimony to the Virginia Legislature Joint Commission on Healthcare
Submitted by Dr. Suzanne Humphries
Re: Healthy Living/Health Services Subcommittee meeting on August 3rd, 2016 (this is one of the most condensed vaccine informative documents you will ever read)
https://suzannehumphriestestimonyva.wordpress.com/
Raw science actually supports Antivaxxers: vaccines utterly DESTROY cellular immunity
The myth that vaccines work is attributed to observations of mammals who recovered from infections with microorganisms that obtained natural immunity from future viruses. Although these observations seem to support vaccinations, raw science reveals that vaccines actually destroy cellular immunity.
Understanding the reciprocal nature of B-cells and T-cells
Adjuvants in vaccines cause further immune system damage
Read more:
http://www.vaccines.news/2016-02-25-raw-science-actually-supports-antivaxxers-vaccines-utterly-destroy-cellular-immunity.html
A Transl Med 28 August 2013 study; although an animal study, indeed has pointed directly to why in humans that in Canada in 2009-10, that there was an increase seen in susceptibility to H1N1 flu, if the person was previously vaccinated that year with the common flu vaccine. There is a reason for that, and it is related to and called original antigenic sin. This is the whole point here, in that flu vaccines are potentially dangerous, if the person acquires another strain of or strain of variant flu, other than those targeted in the current years vaccine. Already we have seen a number of flu related deaths in healthy young people, who had received this years 2014-15 combination flu vaccine
INFLUENZA
Vaccine-Induced Anti-HA2 Antibodies Promote Virus Fusion and Enhance Influenza Virus Respiratory Disease
Abstract
Vaccine-induced disease enhancement has been described in connection with several viral vaccines in animal models and in humans. We investigated a swine model to evaluate mismatched influenza vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) after pH1N1 infection. Vaccinating pigs with whole inactivated H1N2 (human-like) virus vaccine (WIV-H1N2) resulted in enhanced pneumonia and disease after pH1N1 infection. WIV-H1N2 immune sera contained high titers of cross-reactive anti-pH1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) antibodies that bound exclusively to the HA2 domain but not to the HA1 globular head. No hemagglutination inhibition titers against pH1N1 (challenge virus) were measured. Epitope mapping using phage display library identified the immunodominant epitope recognized by WIV-H1N2 immune sera as amino acids 32 to 77 of pH1N1-HA2 domain, close to the fusion peptide. These cross-reactive anti-HA2 antibodies enhanced pH1N1 infection of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells by promoting virus membrane fusion activity. The enhanced fusion activity correlated with lung pathology in pigs. This study suggests a role for fusion-enhancing anti-HA2 antibodies in VAERD, in the absence of receptor-blocking virus-neutralizing antibodies. These findings should be considered during the evaluation of universal influenza vaccines designed to elicit HA2 stem-targeting antibodies
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/5/200/200ra114
Complexity in the Immune System:
New Opportunities for Chemical
Engineering Research (directly addresses the subject of original antigenic sin)
http://www.mwdeem.rice.edu/mwdeem/perspective.pdf
DISQUISITIONS ON ORIGINAL ANTIGENIC SIN
http://www.twiv.tv/JEM_OAS.pdf
Study: Annual Flu Shot Ineffective
http://vaccineimpact.com/2017/study-annual-flu-shot-ineffective/
'Serial' flu shots may limit body's ability to fight virus in future: researchers
http://www.ctvnews.ca/health/serial-flu-shots-may-limit-body-s-ability-to-fight-virus-in-future-researchers-1.3147903
Study: Getting flu shot 2 years in a row may lower protection
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/general/news/mar0113vestudy.html
Study: Prior-year vaccination cut flu vaccine effects in 2014-15
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2016/04/study-prior-year-vaccination-cut-flu-vaccine-effects-2014-15
New Canadian studies suggest seasonal flu shot increased H1N1 risk
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2010/04/new-canadian-studies-suggest-seasonal-flu-shot-increased-h1n1-risk
ORIGINAL ANTIGENIC SIN (OAS): Why this Year’s Flu Vaccine Could Make You Sicker
(Part 1 of the Infectious Disease Series)
http://themountainsvoice.com/pub/01/0001a_original-antigenic-sin-oas-why-this-years-vaccine-could-make-you-sicker.html
Original Antigenic Sin Committed by Vaccination - VACCINE CHOICE CANADA
http://vaccinechoicecanada.com/resources/books-periodicals/original-antigenic-sin-committed-by-vaccination/
Can the Flu Vaccine Make the Flu Even Worse?
http://vaccineimpact.com/2015/could-the-ineffective-flu-shot-be-causing-more-severe-flu-outbreaks-including-deaths/
BOMBSHELL: Flu shots scientifically proven to weaken immune response in subsequent years… researchers stunned
https://thimerosal.news/2017-10-17-bombshell-flu-shots-scientifically-proven-to-weaken-immune-response-in-subsequent-years-researchers-stunned.html
Vaccine industry in panic as scientific study solves the riddle of why flu shots don’t work
https://thimerosal.news/2017-11-01-vaccine-industry-in-panic-as-scientific-study-solves-riddle-why-flu-shots-dont-work-immunization.html
Confirmed! Flu Vaccine INCREASES Risk of Serious Pandemic Flu Illness
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2012/09/18/flu-shot-increases-flu-illness.aspx
The Danger and Ineffectiveness of Flu Vaccines, with the concept of original antigenic sin information
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/danger-and-ineffectiveness-of-flu-vaccines.html
Tamiflu Deception - Learn The Real Truth
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/tamiflu-deception---learn-the-real-truth.html
Vitamin C is Antiviral
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/vitamin-c-is-antiviral.html
LIPOSOMAL ENCAPSULATED VITAMIN C
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/anti-viral---liposomal-encapsulated-vitamin-c.html
Sepsis Treated With High Dose Vitamin C
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/sepsis-treated-with-high-dose-vitamin-c.html
Sepsis
How many people get sepsis?
Severe sepsis strikes more than a million Americans every year,1 and 15 to 30 percent of those people die. The number of sepsis cases per year has been on the rise in the United States.2 This is likely due to several factors
Read more:
https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/pages/factsheet_sepsis.aspx
Sepsis data (copy and paste)
file:///C:/Users/LH/Downloads/2016_sepsis_facts_media.pdf
Vitamin D Is More Effective Than Flu Vaccine, Study Says
https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2017/02/27/vitamin-d-better-than-flu-vaccine.aspx
Epidemiol Infect. 2006 Dec;
Epidemic influenza and vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency predisposes children to respiratory infections. Ultraviolet radiation (either from artificial sources or from sunlight) reduces the incidence of viral respiratory infections, as does cod liver oil (which contains vitamin D). An interventional study showed that vitamin D reduces the incidence of respiratory infections in children. We conclude that vitamin D, or lack of it, may be Hope-Simpson's ‘seasonal stimulus’.
Read more:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2870528/
Newsletter: Epidemic influenza and vitamin D
https://www.vitamindcouncil.org/newsletter-epidemic-influenza-and-vitamin-d/
Antipyretic Fever Treatments May Cause More Flu Deaths
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/antipyretic-fever-treatments-may-cause-more-flu-deaths.html
Glutathione, Tylenol, Vaccine Adverse Reactions, and ASD
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/glutathione-tylenol-vaccine-adverse-reactions-and-asd.html
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Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Jun 15; 54(12): 1778–1783.
Increased Risk of Noninfluenza Respiratory Virus Infections Associated With Receipt of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine
Abstract
We randomized 115 children to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) or placebo. Over the following 9 months, TIV recipients had an increased risk of virologically-confirmed non-influenza infections (relative risk: 4.40; 95% confidence interval: 1.31-14.8). Being protected against influenza, TIV recipients may lack temporary non-specific immunity that protected against other respiratory viruses.
Influenza vaccination is effective in preventing influenza virus infection and associated morbidity among school-aged children [1, 2]. The potential for temporary nonspecific immunity between respiratory viruses after an infection and consequent interference at the population level between epidemics of these viruses has been hypothesized, with limited empirical evidence to date, mainly from ecological studies [3–15]. We investigated the incidence of acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) associated with virologically confirmed respiratory virus infections in a randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccination.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3404712/
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2014 May
Epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in children enrolled in a study of influenza vaccine effectiveness
Conclusion
Adeno- and rhinoviruses were the most common viruses causing ILI. Swabs taken by parents are an effective method for sample collection. Influenza-like illness was more common in children vaccinated against influenza in this observational study, but prior health-seeking behaviour may have contributed to this difference. (really, and what is it that they considered as health-seeking behavior?)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4181477/
Vaccine. 2018 Apr 5;36(15):1958-1964. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.105. Epub 2018 Mar 7.
Assessment of temporally-related acute respiratory illness following influenza vaccination.
Rikin S1, Jia H2, Vargas CY3, Castellanos de Belliard Y3, Reed C4, LaRussa P3, Larson EL2, Saiman L5, Stockwell MS6
CONCLUSION:
Among children there was an increase in the hazard of ARI caused by non-influenza respiratory pathogens post-influenza vaccination compared to unvaccinated children during the same period. Potential mechanisms for this association warrant further investigation. Future research could investigate whether medical decision-making surrounding influenza vaccination may be improved by acknowledging patient experiences, counseling regarding different types of ARI, and correcting the misperception that all ARI occurring after vaccination are caused by influenza.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29525279
Why the pneumonia vaccine may do far more harm than good.
"Yet another twist has also emerged with the discovery that pneumococcal serotypes undergo microevolution due to mutations in the wcjE (O-acetyltransferase) gene, whereby colonizing strains exhibit phenotypic switching and become invasive strains [9].
Since the introduction of PCV7 (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine), the marked decrease in invasive disease with vaccine serotypes has been accompanied by an increase in disease with non-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes [10–12].
Among non-PCV7 (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) serotypes, serotypes 1, 3, and19A have each emerged as major causes of severe pneumonia and empyema [13–17].
The longstanding association of serotype 3 virulence with its large capsule was reaffirmed in a recent capsule switching study [18], as was the association between more heavily encapsulated serotypes and mortality in invasive pneumococcal disease [19]."
Current concepts in host-microbe interaction leading to pneumococcal pneumonia
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4237063/
INFLUENZA A VACCINATION ASSOCIATED WITH 6.3 TIMES MORE AEROSOL SHEDDING THAN NON VACCINATED
https://clinicalnews.org/2018/01/20/influenza-a-vaccination-associated-with-6-3-times-more-aerosol-shedding-than-non-vaccinated/
From the below study. Fine-aerosol viral RNA was also positively associated with having influenza vaccination for both the current and prior season. NP swab viral RNA was positively associated with upper respiratory symptoms and negatively associated with age but was not significantly associated with fine- or coarse-aerosol viral RNA or their predictors.
Infectious virus in exhaled breath of symptomatic seasonal influenza cases from a college community
Significance
Lack of human data on influenza virus aerosol shedding fuels debate over the importance of airborne transmission. We provide overwhelming evidence that humans generate infectious aerosols and quantitative data to improve mathematical models of transmission and public health interventions. We show that sneezing is rare and not important for—and that coughing is not required for—influenza virus aerosolization. Our findings, that upper and lower airway infection are independent and that fine-particle exhaled aerosols reflect infection in the lung, opened a pathway for a deeper understanding of the human biology of influenza infection and transmission. Our observation of an association between repeated vaccination and increased viral aerosol generation demonstrated the power of our method, but needs confirmation.
Abstract
Little is known about the amount and infectiousness of influenza virus shed into exhaled breath. This contributes to uncertainty about the importance of airborne influenza transmission. We screened 355 symptomatic volunteers with acute respiratory illness and report 142 cases with confirmed influenza infection who provided 218 paired nasopharyngeal (NP) and 30-minute breath samples (coarse >5-µm and fine ≤5-µm fractions) on days 1–3 after symptom onset. We assessed viral RNA copy number for all samples and cultured NP swabs and fine aerosols. We recovered infectious virus from 52 (39%) of the fine aerosols and 150 (89%) of the NP swabs with valid cultures. The geometric mean RNA copy numbers were 3.8 × 104/30-minutes fine-, 1.2 × 104/30-minutes coarse-aerosol sample, and 8.2 × 108 per NP swab. Fine- and coarse-aerosol viral RNA were positively associated with body mass index and number of coughs and negatively associated with increasing days since symptom onset in adjusted models. Fine-aerosol viral RNA was also positively associated with having influenza vaccination for both the current and prior season. NP swab viral RNA was positively associated with upper respiratory symptoms and negatively associated with age but was not significantly associated with fine- or coarse-aerosol viral RNA or their predictors. Sneezing was rare, and sneezing and coughing were not necessary for infectious aerosol generation. Our observations suggest that influenza infection in the upper and lower airways are compartmentalized and independent.
Read more:
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/01/17/1716561115.full
Shedding - ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-TWO (and counting) scientific studies on vaccines and SHEDDING:
http://medscienceresearch.com/shedding/
The safety issue of flu vaccines for those with egg allergies!!!
Eggs have been used in the production of flu vaccines, to grow the antigen. The CDC now claims that even if you have an egg allergy that you can safely get the flu vaccine. They do not have a single scientific study to show that to be true, period. Below read what the real study science shows us. Not only can the flu vaccine cause an individual to develop and egg allergy but if you already have one, the flu vaccine made with eggs can worsen that allergy. The vaccinologists so to speak simply can not get it through heir thick skulls that you can NOT inject food protein contaminants in a vaccine, and without causing food allergies.
Below is one of the real and existing safety studies, and which they have ignored.
Serological examination of IgE- and IgG-specific antibodies to egg protein during influenza virus immunization.
N. Yamane and H. Uemura
Abstract
The concentrations of serum IgE (PRIST) and IgE- and IgG-specific antibodies to egg protein were determined in paired sera taken from students who had received influenza virus vaccine. Although persons who gave a history of allergy to egg or to chicken feathers were excluded, 10-16% of vaccinees possessed higher titres of serum IgE and IgE-specific antibody (RAST) to egg white (F1) allergen before vaccination. The titres of IgG-specific antibody to egg protein (ovalbumin and ovomucoid antigens) were negligible, and did not show any significant response after vaccination. In contrast, IgE-specific antibody to F1 allergen rose significantly in a considerable number of the vaccines. The results obtained indicate possible contamination of vaccine products with allergens of egg origin and a potential risk of allergic manifestation after influenza vaccination.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2249232/
Here again below, is how the CDC lies to you. Nothing at the CDC is about any study science; it is all only based false claims, and literally a cesspool of for profit corruption.
Can I get a flu shot if I have an egg allergy? Yes, now you can
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/flu-shot-egg-allergy-safe-new-guidelines/
Allergic to eggs? You can now get the flu shot, new guidelines say
http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/19/health/flu-vaccine-egg-allergy-study/index.html
Egg Allergic Children Now Have No Barriers To Flu Shot
http://acaai.org/news/egg-allergic-children-now-have-no-barriers-flu-shot
This CDC page contains the said and in error information about egg allergy and flu vaccination.
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/egg-allergies.htm
Why your baby stays sick during the 1st year of life. Decreased immunity after vaccinations and Serotype replacement (more multiple direct, studies) (should that be concerning, of course it should)
http://www.educate4theinjured.org/single-post/2015/12/26/Why-your-baby-stays-sick-during-the-1st-year-of-life-Decreased-immunity-after-vaccinations-and-Serotype-replacement
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Original Antigenic Sin Response to RNA Viruses and Antiviral Immunity
Mee Sook Park,# Jin Il Kim,# Sehee Park,# Ilseob Lee,# and Man-Seong Park
Department of Microbiology, The Institute of Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
Abstract
The human immune system has evolved to fight against foreign pathogens. It plays a central role in the body's defense mechanism. However, the immune memory geared to fight off a previously recognized pathogen, tends to remember an original form of the pathogen when a variant form subsequently invades. This has been termed 'original antigenic sin'. This adverse immunological effect can alter vaccine effectiveness and sometimes cause enhanced pathogenicity or additional inflammatory responses, according to the type of pathogen and the circumstances of infection. Here we aim to give a simplified conceptual understanding of virus infection and original antigenic sin by comparing and contrasting the two examples of recurring infections such as influenza and dengue viruses in humans.
https://synapse.koreamed.org/DOIx.php?id=10.4110/in.2016.16.5.261
You can easily see that without a so called universal flu vaccine, that they are creating simply and only a worsening situation. Potentially leading as well to a pandemic flu outbreak that will kill thousands. Really worth it, huh; and to take an injected, toxic, and egg contaminated vaccine? You simply can not remove the contaminants from any cell substance that a vaccine antigen is grown on.
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The concept of original antigenic sin applies to not only the flu vaccine, but as well to the vaccines such as Gardasil as well, and as is detailed below.
Updated, augmented vaccines compete with original antigenic sin
In late December 2014, Sony Salzman, a 25-year-old living in New York City, heard about the approval of Gardasil 9, the latest human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine created by Merck, and called her gynecologist to ask about the vaccine. Having been vaccinated eight years ago with the previous version, simply called Gardasil, Salzman was interested in receiving the improved version of the vaccine. “But the folks at the doctor’s office had no idea there was even a new version,” Salzman says.
Chalking their ignorance up to the relative newness of the vaccine—it had only been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 10 December—Salzman waited and then asked again in
April 2015. “I didn’t get a very clear answer on whether I could get the vaccine,” Salzman says. “
What worries some researchers is that individuals who already received vaccination against HPV will not respond to the augmented vaccine version with more strains because of an immunological concept known as ‘original antigenic sin.’
Gardasil challenge When it comes to the label recommendation for revaccination with Gardasil 9, some questions loom. In February, the ACIP voted to recommend Gardasil 9 as one of three possible vaccines a person could get to help prevent HPV infection or one of the cancers caused by the virus. However, the ACIP meeting in February was cut short owing to weather concerns, so the discussion surrounding revaccination was postponed.
Consequently, the topic of revaccination with Gardasil 9 may come up at the end of June when the ACIP will have the second of its three annual meetings in Atlanta.
The current indication for Gardasil 9, which was approved by the FDA in December 2014, is for boys and girls who have never been vaccinated with any type of HPV vaccine before.
Merck has tested Gardasil 9 in girls and women who have already received the older, quadrivalent version of Gardasil, but so far these tests have only looked at safety and immunogenicity.
Preliminary unpublished results from this trial showed that the production of antibodies against the four viral types common to both versions of the vaccine increased slightly in this group compared with those who received Gardasil 9 and had never been previously immunized against HPV. However, antibody titers against the five added viral strains in Gardasil 9 among the former group were only 25% and 63% of that seen in people who received Gardasil 9 alone.
Merck is reluctant to provide advice on revaccination on the basis of these preliminary results. “We don’t know what [the reduced antibody titer] means,” Vichnin says. “This information is provided to physicians and patients, and it’s an individual decision.”
The ACIP has also hesitated to make a recommendation. “There’s some data but it’s mostly safety data,” Markowitz says. “But there’s not an indication for revaccination on the label [of the vaccine].” There have been cost-effectiveness data collected by the CDC but they haven’t been formally presented yet.
The reference links here will only link to the study source, and not the paid subscription paper. I just simply happened to earlier in time come across the wording of the paper from a site that had the study, but now no longer exists. That can be a problem in doing study research, as many good studies are not available even as much as an abstract and without journal membership, and/or a paid subscription to the journal
https://www.nature.com/articles/nm0615-540?message-global=remove
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26046565
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HOW THE CDC USES FEAR AND DECEPTION TO SELL MORE FLU VACCINES
https://www.jeremyrhammond.com/2018/04/02/how-the-cdc-uses-fear-and-deception-to-sell-more-flu-vaccines/
CDC Warns New Flu Virus On The Way
http://vaxxter.com/cdc-warns-new-flu-virus-way/
SHOULD YOU GET THE FLU SHOT EVERY YEAR? DON’T ASK THE NEW YORK TIMES.
https://www.jeremyrhammond.com/2018/02/07/should-you-get-the-flu-shot-every-year-dont-ask-the-new-york-times/
And they deny that the elderly are dying in nursing homes, after the flu and pneumonia vaccines. They are, and it is common. Just another coincidence, of course. Flu vaccine risk for both heart attack, and stroke.
J Intern Med. 2011 Jan;269(1):118-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02285.x. Epub 2010 Oct 22.
Inflammation-related effects of adjuvant influenza A vaccination on platelet activation and cardiac autonomic function.
CONCLUSIONS:
Together with an inflammatory reaction, influenza A vaccine induced platelet activation and sympathovagal imbalance towards adrenergic predominance. Significant correlations were found between CRP levels and HRV parameters, suggesting a pathophysiological link between inflammation and cardiac autonomic regulation. The vaccine-related platelet activation and cardiac autonomic dysfunction may transiently increase the risk of cardiovascular events.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20964738
Government Study: Flu Vaccine not Effective for Elderly – Death Rates Increased
http://vaccineimpact.com/2014/government-study-flu-vaccine-not-effective-for-elderly-death-rates-increased-2/
Government Pays Compensation to 80 Flu Vaccine Injuries and Deaths
http://vaccineimpact.com/2014/government-pays-compensation-to-80-flu-vaccine-injuries-and-deaths-in-3-month-period/
Flu Vaccine is the most Dangerous Vaccine in the U. S. based on Settled Cases for Injuries
http://healthimpactnews.com/2014/flu-vaccine-is-the-most-dangerous-vaccine-in-the-united-states-based-on-settled-cases-for-injuries/
If perhaps you think the flu vaccine risks are not real? Take a look.
VACCINE INJURY COMPENSATION - Lawyers
We've helped recover more than $100 MILLION DOLLARS for vaccine injured clients in the past 3 years alone. (Many of the cases are for flu vaccine injury, take a look).
OUR VACCINE CASE RESULTS
Client Compensation for Vaccine Injuries
https://www.mctlawyers.com/vaccine-injury/cases/
https://www.mctlawyers.com/vaccine-injury/
Vaccine injury fund tops $3.5 billion, as patients fight for payment
http://cronkitenewsonline.com/2015/05/vaccine-injury-fund-tops-3-5-billion-as-patients-fight-for-payment/
FDA Has Acknowledged That Vaccine Technology is Outpacing Ability to Predict Adverse Events
Recently, top-tier autoimmunity researchers described vaccine safety science as a “hazardous occupation.” In their view, this is because uncompromising vaccine proponents are instantly ready to mount vociferous personal attacks on anyone who raises questions about any aspect of vaccine safety, even if the questions are buttressed by impeccable, high-quality science. Vaccine safety was not always such a taboo topic. In 1961, a leading polio researcher put forth the view in Science that “even after licensing, a new vaccine product must be considered to be on trial” because of the many “new variables” that accompany large-scale vaccine production and rollout. A leading Food and Drug Administration (FDA) official contended in 1999 that modern advances in vaccine technology were rapidly “outpacing researchers” ability to predict potential vaccine-related adverse events” and argued for closer attention to safety issues from the earliest stages of vaccine development. “One of the important things is that the technology used to make these vaccines actually exceeds the science and technology to understand how these vaccines work and to predict how they will work,” stated Dr. Peter Patriarca, MD, Director of the Viral Products Division of the FDA Center for Biological Evaluation and Research (CBER). “So this has the potential for ending up in a situation which I call a 'black box' vaccine referring to a situation of unforeseen and unpredictable vaccine outcomes.” Dr. Patriarca also voiced concerns that with live attenuated vaccines “there is the potential for these vaccines, many of which have been poorly characterized, to recombine with viruses that may be present in the vaccine. Some of these viruses are latent and persist for a while, so it is very important to assure that these things are safe before they are given to people.” In the two decades since the FDA official’s prescient words of warning, numerous published studies have highlighted vaccine safety concerns that were either unexplored or neglected prior to the introduction of the vaccines in question.
Read More:
http://vaccineimpact.com/2018/fda-has-acknowledged-that-vaccine-technology-is-outpacing-ability-to-predict-adverse-events/
Ep122- Crooked: 6 Signs of Cranial Nerve Damage, (caused by vaccines, and the same thing that the late Dr Andrew Moulden put forth)
Do you know the top 6 warning signs of cranial nerve damage? Learn to recognize these in your children and loved ones and they will thank you later!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uRtkqDvfkY
The complete explanation:
CROOKED: MAN-MADE DISEASE EXPLAINED
http://areyoucrooked.com/
You can easily see that without a so called universal flu vaccine, that they are creating simply and only a worsening situation. Potentially leading as well to a pandemic flu outbreak that will kill thousands. Really worth it, huh; and to take an injected, toxic, and egg contaminated vaccine? You simply can not remove the contaminants from any cell substance that a vaccine antigen is grown on.
Understanding Original Antigenic Sin in Influenza with a Dynamical System
Abstract
Original antigenic sin is the phenomenon in which prior exposure to an antigen leads to a subsequent suboptimal immune response to a related antigen. Immune memory normally allows for an improved and rapid response to antigens previously seen and is the mechanism by which vaccination works. I here develop a dynamical system model of the mechanism of original antigenic sin in influenza, clarifying and explaining the detailed spin-glass treatment of original antigenic sin. The dynamical system describes the viral load, the quantities of healthy and infected epithelial cells, the concentrations of naïve and memory antibodies, and the affinities of naïve and memory antibodies. I give explicit correspondences between the microscopic variables of the spin-glass model and those of the present dynamical system model. The dynamical system model reproduces the phenomenon of original antigenic sin and describes how a competition between different types of B cells compromises the overall effect of immune response. I illustrate the competition between the naïve and the memory antibodies as a function of the antigenic distance between the initial and subsequent antigens. The suboptimal immune response caused by original antigenic sin is observed when the host is exposed to an antigen which has intermediate antigenic distance to a second antigen previously recognized by the host's immune system.
Read more:
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023910
Understanding Original Antigenic Sin in Influenza with a Dynamical System
Immunity's Illusion
Adam J. Kucharski
Infection with many kinds of disease-causing viruses, such as measles, gives people lifelong immunity against ever developing the illnesses again.
Flu viruses are different, however, because they tend to mutate, or change slightly from year to year, foiling the body's immune defenses.
A few studies have suggested that the first flu strains to which individuals are exposed as children can limit their ability to fight other flu strains later in their life. (actually it is flu vaccines that cause it)
Evidence to support this curious immune reaction, dubbed “original antigenic sin,” has now been found in mathematical models as well.
Read more:
http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v311/n6/full/scientificamerican1214-80.html?WT.ec_id=SCIENTIFICAMERICAN-201412
J Immunol. 2009 Sep 1;183(5):3294-301. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900398. Epub 2009 Jul 31.
Original antigenic sin responses to influenza viruses.
Kim JH1, Skountzou I, Compans R, Jacob J.
Abstract
Most immune responses follow Burnet's rule in that Ag recruits specific lymphocytes from a large repertoire and induces them to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells. However, the phenomenon of "original antigenic sin" stands out as a paradox to Burnet's rule of B cell engagement. Humans, upon infection with a novel influenza strain, produce Abs against older viral strains at the expense of responses to novel, protective antigenic determinants. This exacerbates the severity of the current infection. This blind spot of the immune system and the redirection of responses to the "original Ag" rather than to novel epitopes were described fifty years ago. Recent reports have questioned the existence of this phenomenon. Hence, we revisited this issue to determine the extent to which original antigenic sin is induced by variant influenza viruses. Using two related strains of influenza A virus, we show that original antigenic sin leads to a significant decrease in development of protective immunity and recall responses to the second virus. In addition, we show that sequential infection of mice with two live influenza virus strains leads to almost exclusive Ab responses to the first viral strain, suggesting that original antigenic sin could be a potential strategy by which variant influenza viruses subvert the immune system.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19648276
Influenza Vaccine Causes Illness and Immune Dysfunction (more studies)
http://vaccinepapers.org/influenza-vaccine-immune-suppression/
J Immunol January 1, 2009
Original Antigenic Sin Responses to Influenza Viruses
Jin Hyang Kim, Ioanna Skountzou, Richard Compans and Joshy Jacob
Abstract
Most immune responses follow Burnet's rule in that Ag recruits specific lymphocytes from a large repertoire and induces them to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells. However, the phenomenon of “original antigenic sin” stands out as a paradox to Burnet's rule of B cell engagement. Humans, upon infection with a novel influenza strain, produce Abs against older viral strains at the expense of responses to novel, protective antigenic determinants. This exacerbates the severity of the current infection. This blind spot of the immune system and the redirection of responses to the “original Ag” rather than to novel epitopes were described fifty years ago. Recent reports have questioned the existence of this phenomenon. Hence, we revisited this issue to determine the extent to which original antigenic sin is induced by variant influenza viruses. Using two related strains of influenza A virus, we show that original antigenic sin leads to a significant decrease in development of protective immunity and recall responses to the second virus. In addition, we show that sequential infection of mice with two live influenza virus strains leads to almost exclusive Ab responses to the first viral strain, suggesting that original antigenic sin could be a potential strategy by which variant influenza viruses subvert the immune system.
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2009/07/31/jimmunol.0900398
Full study:
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/early/2009/07/31/jimmunol.0900398.full.pdf
From Original Antigenic Sin to the Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine
http://www.cell.com/trends/immunology/fulltext/S1471-4906(17)30164-3
Immune history influences effectiveness of flu vaccine, study finds
https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2018/02/20/immune-history-influences-effectiveness-flu-vaccine-study-finds
Original antigenic sin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_antigenic_sin
IMPACT OF REPEATED INFLUENZA VACCINATION AMONG CHILDREN AND ADULTS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
https://www.slideserve.com/beauregard-daniel/impact-of-repeated-influenza-vaccination-among-children-and-adults
The Role of T Cell Antagonism and Original Antigenic Sin in Genetic Immunization
Rana A. K. Singh, John R. Rodgers and Michael A. Barry
To counter highly mutable pathogens like HIV-1, a number of vaccines are being developed to deliver multiple mutant forms of viral Ags to provoke multivalent antiviral CTLs. However, it is uncertain whether such multiple mutant epitope vaccines will generate the diverse CTL responses desired or will instead create immune interference. To characterize the role of immune interference by mutant epitopes in this process, we have tested a “worst case” scenario in which the immunodominant epitope of OVA (SIINFEKL) and its in vitro TCR antagonist (SIINFEDL) have been used to genetically immunize C57BL/6 mice. We demonstrate here that sequential delivery of these mutant epitopes provokes original antigenic sin in CD8 T cells as demonstrated by attenuation of CTLs, intracellular IFN-γ production, and MHC I peptide-tetramer staining. By contrast, simultaneous exposure of the immune system to this agonist/antagonist pair not only fails to generate T cell antagonism in vivo, but also avoids original antigenic sin. These observations suggest that simultaneous immunization with vaccines containing mutant epitopes, even T cell antagonists, can indeed generate a diverse array of T cell responses and that at least some immune interference can be avoided by delivering mutant Ags to the immune system simultaneously.
-------
(Excerpts continued)
Problematic natural immune interference mechanisms can be readily avoided by simultaneous delivery of multigene, multimutant vaccines. (Really, and just look at this Frankenstein madness solution to vaccine caused original antigenic sin; the point to including this is to show directly they they have recognized the said problem directly. The real solution would be to just STOP vaccinating, but of course it is a money making business and they are not about to stop that, and also with no existing legal liability now since 1987).
Read more:
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/169/12/6779
Testimony to the Virginia Legislature Joint Commission on Healthcare
Submitted by Dr. Suzanne Humphries
Re: Healthy Living/Health Services Subcommittee meeting on August 3rd, 2016 (this is one of the most condensed vaccine informative documents you will ever read)
https://suzannehumphriestestimonyva.wordpress.com/
Raw science actually supports Antivaxxers: vaccines utterly DESTROY cellular immunity
The myth that vaccines work is attributed to observations of mammals who recovered from infections with microorganisms that obtained natural immunity from future viruses. Although these observations seem to support vaccinations, raw science reveals that vaccines actually destroy cellular immunity.
Understanding the reciprocal nature of B-cells and T-cells
Adjuvants in vaccines cause further immune system damage
Read more:
http://www.vaccines.news/2016-02-25-raw-science-actually-supports-antivaxxers-vaccines-utterly-destroy-cellular-immunity.html
A Transl Med 28 August 2013 study; although an animal study, indeed has pointed directly to why in humans that in Canada in 2009-10, that there was an increase seen in susceptibility to H1N1 flu, if the person was previously vaccinated that year with the common flu vaccine. There is a reason for that, and it is related to and called original antigenic sin. This is the whole point here, in that flu vaccines are potentially dangerous, if the person acquires another strain of or strain of variant flu, other than those targeted in the current years vaccine. Already we have seen a number of flu related deaths in healthy young people, who had received this years 2014-15 combination flu vaccine
INFLUENZA
Vaccine-Induced Anti-HA2 Antibodies Promote Virus Fusion and Enhance Influenza Virus Respiratory Disease
Abstract
Vaccine-induced disease enhancement has been described in connection with several viral vaccines in animal models and in humans. We investigated a swine model to evaluate mismatched influenza vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) after pH1N1 infection. Vaccinating pigs with whole inactivated H1N2 (human-like) virus vaccine (WIV-H1N2) resulted in enhanced pneumonia and disease after pH1N1 infection. WIV-H1N2 immune sera contained high titers of cross-reactive anti-pH1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) antibodies that bound exclusively to the HA2 domain but not to the HA1 globular head. No hemagglutination inhibition titers against pH1N1 (challenge virus) were measured. Epitope mapping using phage display library identified the immunodominant epitope recognized by WIV-H1N2 immune sera as amino acids 32 to 77 of pH1N1-HA2 domain, close to the fusion peptide. These cross-reactive anti-HA2 antibodies enhanced pH1N1 infection of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells by promoting virus membrane fusion activity. The enhanced fusion activity correlated with lung pathology in pigs. This study suggests a role for fusion-enhancing anti-HA2 antibodies in VAERD, in the absence of receptor-blocking virus-neutralizing antibodies. These findings should be considered during the evaluation of universal influenza vaccines designed to elicit HA2 stem-targeting antibodies
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/5/200/200ra114
Complexity in the Immune System:
New Opportunities for Chemical
Engineering Research (directly addresses the subject of original antigenic sin)
http://www.mwdeem.rice.edu/mwdeem/perspective.pdf
DISQUISITIONS ON ORIGINAL ANTIGENIC SIN
http://www.twiv.tv/JEM_OAS.pdf
Study: Annual Flu Shot Ineffective
http://vaccineimpact.com/2017/study-annual-flu-shot-ineffective/
'Serial' flu shots may limit body's ability to fight virus in future: researchers
http://www.ctvnews.ca/health/serial-flu-shots-may-limit-body-s-ability-to-fight-virus-in-future-researchers-1.3147903
Study: Getting flu shot 2 years in a row may lower protection
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/general/news/mar0113vestudy.html
Study: Prior-year vaccination cut flu vaccine effects in 2014-15
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2016/04/study-prior-year-vaccination-cut-flu-vaccine-effects-2014-15
New Canadian studies suggest seasonal flu shot increased H1N1 risk
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2010/04/new-canadian-studies-suggest-seasonal-flu-shot-increased-h1n1-risk
ORIGINAL ANTIGENIC SIN (OAS): Why this Year’s Flu Vaccine Could Make You Sicker
(Part 1 of the Infectious Disease Series)
http://themountainsvoice.com/pub/01/0001a_original-antigenic-sin-oas-why-this-years-vaccine-could-make-you-sicker.html
Original Antigenic Sin Committed by Vaccination - VACCINE CHOICE CANADA
http://vaccinechoicecanada.com/resources/books-periodicals/original-antigenic-sin-committed-by-vaccination/
Can the Flu Vaccine Make the Flu Even Worse?
http://vaccineimpact.com/2015/could-the-ineffective-flu-shot-be-causing-more-severe-flu-outbreaks-including-deaths/
BOMBSHELL: Flu shots scientifically proven to weaken immune response in subsequent years… researchers stunned
https://thimerosal.news/2017-10-17-bombshell-flu-shots-scientifically-proven-to-weaken-immune-response-in-subsequent-years-researchers-stunned.html
Vaccine industry in panic as scientific study solves the riddle of why flu shots don’t work
https://thimerosal.news/2017-11-01-vaccine-industry-in-panic-as-scientific-study-solves-riddle-why-flu-shots-dont-work-immunization.html
Confirmed! Flu Vaccine INCREASES Risk of Serious Pandemic Flu Illness
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2012/09/18/flu-shot-increases-flu-illness.aspx
The Danger and Ineffectiveness of Flu Vaccines, with the concept of original antigenic sin information
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/danger-and-ineffectiveness-of-flu-vaccines.html
Tamiflu Deception - Learn The Real Truth
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/tamiflu-deception---learn-the-real-truth.html
Vitamin C is Antiviral
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/vitamin-c-is-antiviral.html
LIPOSOMAL ENCAPSULATED VITAMIN C
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/anti-viral---liposomal-encapsulated-vitamin-c.html
Sepsis Treated With High Dose Vitamin C
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/sepsis-treated-with-high-dose-vitamin-c.html
Sepsis
How many people get sepsis?
Severe sepsis strikes more than a million Americans every year,1 and 15 to 30 percent of those people die. The number of sepsis cases per year has been on the rise in the United States.2 This is likely due to several factors
Read more:
https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/pages/factsheet_sepsis.aspx
Sepsis data (copy and paste)
file:///C:/Users/LH/Downloads/2016_sepsis_facts_media.pdf
Vitamin D Is More Effective Than Flu Vaccine, Study Says
https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2017/02/27/vitamin-d-better-than-flu-vaccine.aspx
Epidemiol Infect. 2006 Dec;
Epidemic influenza and vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency predisposes children to respiratory infections. Ultraviolet radiation (either from artificial sources or from sunlight) reduces the incidence of viral respiratory infections, as does cod liver oil (which contains vitamin D). An interventional study showed that vitamin D reduces the incidence of respiratory infections in children. We conclude that vitamin D, or lack of it, may be Hope-Simpson's ‘seasonal stimulus’.
Read more:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2870528/
Newsletter: Epidemic influenza and vitamin D
https://www.vitamindcouncil.org/newsletter-epidemic-influenza-and-vitamin-d/
Antipyretic Fever Treatments May Cause More Flu Deaths
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/antipyretic-fever-treatments-may-cause-more-flu-deaths.html
Glutathione, Tylenol, Vaccine Adverse Reactions, and ASD
http://www.dirtybigpharmatruth.com/glutathione-tylenol-vaccine-adverse-reactions-and-asd.html
--------------
Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Jun 15; 54(12): 1778–1783.
Increased Risk of Noninfluenza Respiratory Virus Infections Associated With Receipt of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine
Abstract
We randomized 115 children to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) or placebo. Over the following 9 months, TIV recipients had an increased risk of virologically-confirmed non-influenza infections (relative risk: 4.40; 95% confidence interval: 1.31-14.8). Being protected against influenza, TIV recipients may lack temporary non-specific immunity that protected against other respiratory viruses.
Influenza vaccination is effective in preventing influenza virus infection and associated morbidity among school-aged children [1, 2]. The potential for temporary nonspecific immunity between respiratory viruses after an infection and consequent interference at the population level between epidemics of these viruses has been hypothesized, with limited empirical evidence to date, mainly from ecological studies [3–15]. We investigated the incidence of acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) associated with virologically confirmed respiratory virus infections in a randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccination.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3404712/
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2014 May
Epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in children enrolled in a study of influenza vaccine effectiveness
Conclusion
Adeno- and rhinoviruses were the most common viruses causing ILI. Swabs taken by parents are an effective method for sample collection. Influenza-like illness was more common in children vaccinated against influenza in this observational study, but prior health-seeking behaviour may have contributed to this difference. (really, and what is it that they considered as health-seeking behavior?)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4181477/
Vaccine. 2018 Apr 5;36(15):1958-1964. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.105. Epub 2018 Mar 7.
Assessment of temporally-related acute respiratory illness following influenza vaccination.
Rikin S1, Jia H2, Vargas CY3, Castellanos de Belliard Y3, Reed C4, LaRussa P3, Larson EL2, Saiman L5, Stockwell MS6
CONCLUSION:
Among children there was an increase in the hazard of ARI caused by non-influenza respiratory pathogens post-influenza vaccination compared to unvaccinated children during the same period. Potential mechanisms for this association warrant further investigation. Future research could investigate whether medical decision-making surrounding influenza vaccination may be improved by acknowledging patient experiences, counseling regarding different types of ARI, and correcting the misperception that all ARI occurring after vaccination are caused by influenza.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29525279
Why the pneumonia vaccine may do far more harm than good.
"Yet another twist has also emerged with the discovery that pneumococcal serotypes undergo microevolution due to mutations in the wcjE (O-acetyltransferase) gene, whereby colonizing strains exhibit phenotypic switching and become invasive strains [9].
Since the introduction of PCV7 (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine), the marked decrease in invasive disease with vaccine serotypes has been accompanied by an increase in disease with non-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes [10–12].
Among non-PCV7 (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) serotypes, serotypes 1, 3, and19A have each emerged as major causes of severe pneumonia and empyema [13–17].
The longstanding association of serotype 3 virulence with its large capsule was reaffirmed in a recent capsule switching study [18], as was the association between more heavily encapsulated serotypes and mortality in invasive pneumococcal disease [19]."
Current concepts in host-microbe interaction leading to pneumococcal pneumonia
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4237063/
INFLUENZA A VACCINATION ASSOCIATED WITH 6.3 TIMES MORE AEROSOL SHEDDING THAN NON VACCINATED
https://clinicalnews.org/2018/01/20/influenza-a-vaccination-associated-with-6-3-times-more-aerosol-shedding-than-non-vaccinated/
From the below study. Fine-aerosol viral RNA was also positively associated with having influenza vaccination for both the current and prior season. NP swab viral RNA was positively associated with upper respiratory symptoms and negatively associated with age but was not significantly associated with fine- or coarse-aerosol viral RNA or their predictors.
Infectious virus in exhaled breath of symptomatic seasonal influenza cases from a college community
Significance
Lack of human data on influenza virus aerosol shedding fuels debate over the importance of airborne transmission. We provide overwhelming evidence that humans generate infectious aerosols and quantitative data to improve mathematical models of transmission and public health interventions. We show that sneezing is rare and not important for—and that coughing is not required for—influenza virus aerosolization. Our findings, that upper and lower airway infection are independent and that fine-particle exhaled aerosols reflect infection in the lung, opened a pathway for a deeper understanding of the human biology of influenza infection and transmission. Our observation of an association between repeated vaccination and increased viral aerosol generation demonstrated the power of our method, but needs confirmation.
Abstract
Little is known about the amount and infectiousness of influenza virus shed into exhaled breath. This contributes to uncertainty about the importance of airborne influenza transmission. We screened 355 symptomatic volunteers with acute respiratory illness and report 142 cases with confirmed influenza infection who provided 218 paired nasopharyngeal (NP) and 30-minute breath samples (coarse >5-µm and fine ≤5-µm fractions) on days 1–3 after symptom onset. We assessed viral RNA copy number for all samples and cultured NP swabs and fine aerosols. We recovered infectious virus from 52 (39%) of the fine aerosols and 150 (89%) of the NP swabs with valid cultures. The geometric mean RNA copy numbers were 3.8 × 104/30-minutes fine-, 1.2 × 104/30-minutes coarse-aerosol sample, and 8.2 × 108 per NP swab. Fine- and coarse-aerosol viral RNA were positively associated with body mass index and number of coughs and negatively associated with increasing days since symptom onset in adjusted models. Fine-aerosol viral RNA was also positively associated with having influenza vaccination for both the current and prior season. NP swab viral RNA was positively associated with upper respiratory symptoms and negatively associated with age but was not significantly associated with fine- or coarse-aerosol viral RNA or their predictors. Sneezing was rare, and sneezing and coughing were not necessary for infectious aerosol generation. Our observations suggest that influenza infection in the upper and lower airways are compartmentalized and independent.
Read more:
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/01/17/1716561115.full
Shedding - ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-TWO (and counting) scientific studies on vaccines and SHEDDING:
http://medscienceresearch.com/shedding/
The safety issue of flu vaccines for those with egg allergies!!!
Eggs have been used in the production of flu vaccines, to grow the antigen. The CDC now claims that even if you have an egg allergy that you can safely get the flu vaccine. They do not have a single scientific study to show that to be true, period. Below read what the real study science shows us. Not only can the flu vaccine cause an individual to develop and egg allergy but if you already have one, the flu vaccine made with eggs can worsen that allergy. The vaccinologists so to speak simply can not get it through heir thick skulls that you can NOT inject food protein contaminants in a vaccine, and without causing food allergies.
Below is one of the real and existing safety studies, and which they have ignored.
Serological examination of IgE- and IgG-specific antibodies to egg protein during influenza virus immunization.
N. Yamane and H. Uemura
Abstract
The concentrations of serum IgE (PRIST) and IgE- and IgG-specific antibodies to egg protein were determined in paired sera taken from students who had received influenza virus vaccine. Although persons who gave a history of allergy to egg or to chicken feathers were excluded, 10-16% of vaccinees possessed higher titres of serum IgE and IgE-specific antibody (RAST) to egg white (F1) allergen before vaccination. The titres of IgG-specific antibody to egg protein (ovalbumin and ovomucoid antigens) were negligible, and did not show any significant response after vaccination. In contrast, IgE-specific antibody to F1 allergen rose significantly in a considerable number of the vaccines. The results obtained indicate possible contamination of vaccine products with allergens of egg origin and a potential risk of allergic manifestation after influenza vaccination.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2249232/
Here again below, is how the CDC lies to you. Nothing at the CDC is about any study science; it is all only based false claims, and literally a cesspool of for profit corruption.
Can I get a flu shot if I have an egg allergy? Yes, now you can
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/flu-shot-egg-allergy-safe-new-guidelines/
Allergic to eggs? You can now get the flu shot, new guidelines say
http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/19/health/flu-vaccine-egg-allergy-study/index.html
Egg Allergic Children Now Have No Barriers To Flu Shot
http://acaai.org/news/egg-allergic-children-now-have-no-barriers-flu-shot
This CDC page contains the said and in error information about egg allergy and flu vaccination.
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/egg-allergies.htm
Why your baby stays sick during the 1st year of life. Decreased immunity after vaccinations and Serotype replacement (more multiple direct, studies) (should that be concerning, of course it should)
http://www.educate4theinjured.org/single-post/2015/12/26/Why-your-baby-stays-sick-during-the-1st-year-of-life-Decreased-immunity-after-vaccinations-and-Serotype-replacement
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Original Antigenic Sin Response to RNA Viruses and Antiviral Immunity
Mee Sook Park,# Jin Il Kim,# Sehee Park,# Ilseob Lee,# and Man-Seong Park
Department of Microbiology, The Institute of Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
Abstract
The human immune system has evolved to fight against foreign pathogens. It plays a central role in the body's defense mechanism. However, the immune memory geared to fight off a previously recognized pathogen, tends to remember an original form of the pathogen when a variant form subsequently invades. This has been termed 'original antigenic sin'. This adverse immunological effect can alter vaccine effectiveness and sometimes cause enhanced pathogenicity or additional inflammatory responses, according to the type of pathogen and the circumstances of infection. Here we aim to give a simplified conceptual understanding of virus infection and original antigenic sin by comparing and contrasting the two examples of recurring infections such as influenza and dengue viruses in humans.
https://synapse.koreamed.org/DOIx.php?id=10.4110/in.2016.16.5.261
You can easily see that without a so called universal flu vaccine, that they are creating simply and only a worsening situation. Potentially leading as well to a pandemic flu outbreak that will kill thousands. Really worth it, huh; and to take an injected, toxic, and egg contaminated vaccine? You simply can not remove the contaminants from any cell substance that a vaccine antigen is grown on.
--------------
The concept of original antigenic sin applies to not only the flu vaccine, but as well to the vaccines such as Gardasil as well, and as is detailed below.
Updated, augmented vaccines compete with original antigenic sin
In late December 2014, Sony Salzman, a 25-year-old living in New York City, heard about the approval of Gardasil 9, the latest human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine created by Merck, and called her gynecologist to ask about the vaccine. Having been vaccinated eight years ago with the previous version, simply called Gardasil, Salzman was interested in receiving the improved version of the vaccine. “But the folks at the doctor’s office had no idea there was even a new version,” Salzman says.
Chalking their ignorance up to the relative newness of the vaccine—it had only been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 10 December—Salzman waited and then asked again in
April 2015. “I didn’t get a very clear answer on whether I could get the vaccine,” Salzman says. “
What worries some researchers is that individuals who already received vaccination against HPV will not respond to the augmented vaccine version with more strains because of an immunological concept known as ‘original antigenic sin.’
Gardasil challenge When it comes to the label recommendation for revaccination with Gardasil 9, some questions loom. In February, the ACIP voted to recommend Gardasil 9 as one of three possible vaccines a person could get to help prevent HPV infection or one of the cancers caused by the virus. However, the ACIP meeting in February was cut short owing to weather concerns, so the discussion surrounding revaccination was postponed.
Consequently, the topic of revaccination with Gardasil 9 may come up at the end of June when the ACIP will have the second of its three annual meetings in Atlanta.
The current indication for Gardasil 9, which was approved by the FDA in December 2014, is for boys and girls who have never been vaccinated with any type of HPV vaccine before.
Merck has tested Gardasil 9 in girls and women who have already received the older, quadrivalent version of Gardasil, but so far these tests have only looked at safety and immunogenicity.
Preliminary unpublished results from this trial showed that the production of antibodies against the four viral types common to both versions of the vaccine increased slightly in this group compared with those who received Gardasil 9 and had never been previously immunized against HPV. However, antibody titers against the five added viral strains in Gardasil 9 among the former group were only 25% and 63% of that seen in people who received Gardasil 9 alone.
Merck is reluctant to provide advice on revaccination on the basis of these preliminary results. “We don’t know what [the reduced antibody titer] means,” Vichnin says. “This information is provided to physicians and patients, and it’s an individual decision.”
The ACIP has also hesitated to make a recommendation. “There’s some data but it’s mostly safety data,” Markowitz says. “But there’s not an indication for revaccination on the label [of the vaccine].” There have been cost-effectiveness data collected by the CDC but they haven’t been formally presented yet.
The reference links here will only link to the study source, and not the paid subscription paper. I just simply happened to earlier in time come across the wording of the paper from a site that had the study, but now no longer exists. That can be a problem in doing study research, as many good studies are not available even as much as an abstract and without journal membership, and/or a paid subscription to the journal
https://www.nature.com/articles/nm0615-540?message-global=remove
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26046565
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HOW THE CDC USES FEAR AND DECEPTION TO SELL MORE FLU VACCINES
https://www.jeremyrhammond.com/2018/04/02/how-the-cdc-uses-fear-and-deception-to-sell-more-flu-vaccines/
CDC Warns New Flu Virus On The Way
http://vaxxter.com/cdc-warns-new-flu-virus-way/
SHOULD YOU GET THE FLU SHOT EVERY YEAR? DON’T ASK THE NEW YORK TIMES.
https://www.jeremyrhammond.com/2018/02/07/should-you-get-the-flu-shot-every-year-dont-ask-the-new-york-times/
And they deny that the elderly are dying in nursing homes, after the flu and pneumonia vaccines. They are, and it is common. Just another coincidence, of course. Flu vaccine risk for both heart attack, and stroke.
J Intern Med. 2011 Jan;269(1):118-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02285.x. Epub 2010 Oct 22.
Inflammation-related effects of adjuvant influenza A vaccination on platelet activation and cardiac autonomic function.
CONCLUSIONS:
Together with an inflammatory reaction, influenza A vaccine induced platelet activation and sympathovagal imbalance towards adrenergic predominance. Significant correlations were found between CRP levels and HRV parameters, suggesting a pathophysiological link between inflammation and cardiac autonomic regulation. The vaccine-related platelet activation and cardiac autonomic dysfunction may transiently increase the risk of cardiovascular events.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20964738
Government Study: Flu Vaccine not Effective for Elderly – Death Rates Increased
http://vaccineimpact.com/2014/government-study-flu-vaccine-not-effective-for-elderly-death-rates-increased-2/
Government Pays Compensation to 80 Flu Vaccine Injuries and Deaths
http://vaccineimpact.com/2014/government-pays-compensation-to-80-flu-vaccine-injuries-and-deaths-in-3-month-period/
Flu Vaccine is the most Dangerous Vaccine in the U. S. based on Settled Cases for Injuries
http://healthimpactnews.com/2014/flu-vaccine-is-the-most-dangerous-vaccine-in-the-united-states-based-on-settled-cases-for-injuries/
If perhaps you think the flu vaccine risks are not real? Take a look.
VACCINE INJURY COMPENSATION - Lawyers
We've helped recover more than $100 MILLION DOLLARS for vaccine injured clients in the past 3 years alone. (Many of the cases are for flu vaccine injury, take a look).
OUR VACCINE CASE RESULTS
Client Compensation for Vaccine Injuries
https://www.mctlawyers.com/vaccine-injury/cases/
https://www.mctlawyers.com/vaccine-injury/
Vaccine injury fund tops $3.5 billion, as patients fight for payment
http://cronkitenewsonline.com/2015/05/vaccine-injury-fund-tops-3-5-billion-as-patients-fight-for-payment/
FDA Has Acknowledged That Vaccine Technology is Outpacing Ability to Predict Adverse Events
Recently, top-tier autoimmunity researchers described vaccine safety science as a “hazardous occupation.” In their view, this is because uncompromising vaccine proponents are instantly ready to mount vociferous personal attacks on anyone who raises questions about any aspect of vaccine safety, even if the questions are buttressed by impeccable, high-quality science. Vaccine safety was not always such a taboo topic. In 1961, a leading polio researcher put forth the view in Science that “even after licensing, a new vaccine product must be considered to be on trial” because of the many “new variables” that accompany large-scale vaccine production and rollout. A leading Food and Drug Administration (FDA) official contended in 1999 that modern advances in vaccine technology were rapidly “outpacing researchers” ability to predict potential vaccine-related adverse events” and argued for closer attention to safety issues from the earliest stages of vaccine development. “One of the important things is that the technology used to make these vaccines actually exceeds the science and technology to understand how these vaccines work and to predict how they will work,” stated Dr. Peter Patriarca, MD, Director of the Viral Products Division of the FDA Center for Biological Evaluation and Research (CBER). “So this has the potential for ending up in a situation which I call a 'black box' vaccine referring to a situation of unforeseen and unpredictable vaccine outcomes.” Dr. Patriarca also voiced concerns that with live attenuated vaccines “there is the potential for these vaccines, many of which have been poorly characterized, to recombine with viruses that may be present in the vaccine. Some of these viruses are latent and persist for a while, so it is very important to assure that these things are safe before they are given to people.” In the two decades since the FDA official’s prescient words of warning, numerous published studies have highlighted vaccine safety concerns that were either unexplored or neglected prior to the introduction of the vaccines in question.
Read More:
http://vaccineimpact.com/2018/fda-has-acknowledged-that-vaccine-technology-is-outpacing-ability-to-predict-adverse-events/
Ep122- Crooked: 6 Signs of Cranial Nerve Damage, (caused by vaccines, and the same thing that the late Dr Andrew Moulden put forth)
Do you know the top 6 warning signs of cranial nerve damage? Learn to recognize these in your children and loved ones and they will thank you later!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uRtkqDvfkY
The complete explanation:
CROOKED: MAN-MADE DISEASE EXPLAINED
http://areyoucrooked.com/
