How Can We Determine if Vaccinations are Causing More Harm Than Good?
PowerPoint File, (shortened version)
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Research Proposal
Park University, Parkville Missouri
For Graduate Course: PA 508
Lisa K. Lasker
May 10, 2015
Table of Contents:
About the Author/Researcher
Introduction
Definition of terms
The problem
Theoretical Framework
The Purpose
Literature Review
Research Questions
Methodology
Analysis
Reporting
Results
Appendixes
Conclusions
References
Vaccinated Versus Un-Vaccinated
Introduction:
The entire premise of a childhood vaccination schedule is to “protect” the greater community from common diseases through a concept known as “Herd Immunity.” Herd immunity suggests that if a certain percentage of the population is immunized against certain diseases, the disease will then be eradicated. Of course, the threshold rate will fluctuate according to the disease being combatted. PBS.org offers answers to many of the questions that arise surrounding herd immunity (PBS.org 2015).
Pajaras 2007 provides an excellent template for a research proposal, be it quantitative or qualitative (1-9). The relevance of his material to the proposal of a mixed methods research design is given. A mixed method sequential explanatory case study research design of a single case-study (that of the immunization schedule and its effects on children aged six months to three years is likely to shed light on the unreported damages immunization delivers to the human body and its cellular structure. Of particular importance are the questions to the qualitative study versus the hypotheses to the quantitative study (Pajares 2003, 3).
In a mixed method study we seek to ask and hypothesize. A collection of all six types of data, “documentation, archived information, interviews, direct observation, participant observation, and physical artifacts,” will be integrated to generate a thorough understanding of the practice of immunization, any damages occurring to participants, and why further study is needed (Yin 2015, 103). Citing Baxter and Jack 2008, “Stake identifies case studies as intrinsic, instrumental, or collective. When a study is intrinsic in nature it is used to accomplish something other than understanding a particular situation. It provides insight into an issue or helps to refine a theory” (547). This researcher hopes to change the childhood vaccination schedule. “According to Yin 2003, a case study design should be considered when: (a) the focus of the study is to answer “how” and “why” questions; (b) you cannot manipulate the behavior of those involved in the study; (c) you want to cover contextual conditions because you believe they are relevant to the phenomenon under study; or (d) the boundaries are not clear between the phenomenon and context” (545). For these reasons a case-study design complements the qualitative portion of this mixed methods design. This researcher feels parental input is imperative when looking at side effects of vaccination and this can only be achieved with qualitative input.
Definition of terms:
Adjuvants - Preservatives or aluminum salts or ethyl-mercury, also the substance that promotes uptake of the vaccine to create immune system reaction.
Antigen - “Medical: a harmful substance that causes the body to produce antibodies” (Merriam-Webster.com).
Blood Brain Barrier - The protective mechanism that bars certain substances from entering the brain.
Capillaries - The smallest form of blood vessel.
Dendrites - The very ends of nerve tissue that connect to the capillaries.
Encephalopathy - Swelling of the brain or parts of the brain.
Immunology - The process by which immunity is allegedly gained through vaccination or other exposure to a disease.
Ischemia - Lack of oxygen to the cells, impaired blood flow.
The problem:
With the rates of diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) rapidly on the rise in all countries, particularly the United States, the role of vaccination is becoming subject to extraneous research that will determine a cause and effect model, if one exists. Literature currently used to determine correlation between vaccination and adverse reaction is surprisingly limited to quantitative studies that do little to alleviate the fears of the public surrounding the efficacy of vaccination in general. In addition, the methodology of several studies that have influenced decision makers are seriously flawed, as they are generally funded and influenced by special interest groups which create conflict of interest in and of themselves.
Pharmaceutical companies make a lot of money off of vaccinations today and portions of that money filter down to businesses, such as schools, as incentives to force compliance of vaccination.
“Vaccination coverage among children entering school is assessed annually by federal immunization grantees. Generally, at the start of the school year, health department or school personnel conduct a vaccination coverage survey or census of enrolled students to determine compliance with school requirements established to protect children from vaccine-preventable diseases. Children receiving an exemption to school requirements are included as enrolled students. Results of the school-level reviews are reported to the grantee health department, which then reports aggregated totals to CDC” (CDC.gov 2015).
A clip taken from economist.com states, “Global vaccine sales vaulted from $8.9 billion in 2005 to $22.2 billion last-year. Insurers and governments in the rich world have started to pay higher prices: firms making new vaccines against pneumococcal disease or the human papilloma virus are getting $100 or more per dose” (economist.com 2010). Having a daughter who was injured from the Gardasil Vaccine, this is disturbing, almost as if the “bottom line is more important than human life” (Click 2015). Additionally, incentives are given to schools to increase the threshold of vaccination to students, creating a demand for parents to comply and an additional demand for capital acquisition. Perhaps the same ideology takes place at the level of the city and state regarding funding.
Vaccintion and its efficacy, “VAERS is a national passive reporting system that accepts reports from the public on adverse events associated with vaccines licensed in the United States. VAERS data are monitored to:
Detect new, unusual, or rare vaccine adverse events
Monitor increases in known adverse events
Identify potential patient risk factors for particular types of adverse events
Identify vaccine lots with increased numbers or types of reported adverse events
Assess the safety of newly licensed vaccines” (CDC.gov, 2015).
The problem with this system is that adverse events due to vaccines are under-reported; moreover, side effects are likely thought to be “normal” as the inflicted merely exhibit cold and flu-like symptoms (Moskowitz 2005, p. 107). Unfortunately, not all injuries are reported; furthermore, there are no guarantees that what is being reported are actually vaccine injuries. "Under-reporting" is one of the main limitations of passive surveillance systems, including VAERS (CDC.gov, 2015). Case study data from personal doctors’ records and emergency room visits, along with physician, parental, care-giver, and patient interviews, may close this gap in knowledge about the real effects of vaccination.
Theoretical framework:
Vaccinations were introduced into our public health spectrum in the late 1930s, early 1940s, and really emerged explosively in the 1960s. Largely based on the premise that immunity to certain diseases can be created by injecting them in the form of a toxic nature into the blood stream, announcing their presence with aluminum or mercury salts (adjuvants), thereby training the immune system to attack and subsequently create antigens that would annihilate any further intrusions by that antigen. And it works; however, at what cost?
The purpose:
A study of vaccinated versus un-vaccinated children aged six months to three years to determine how vaccinated versus un-vaccinated children perform on a range of sensory and fine motor skills testing is warranted in the United States. Well-documented data conclude that metal toxicants damage neural function, but little is known to what extent (Austin 2008; Kern et al. 2013; Geier & Geier et al. 2014; Leslie & Kroger 2011; Tomljenovic 2012). Dr. Paul Offit (2003, 2007), argues against the hypothesis that vaccination causes damage. Just because there has not been an established cause and effect does not mean it is not happening. Dr. Offit has financial interest in vaccination, as he is the designer of the Rotavirus vaccine; he has personal interests with both Merck and Glaxo Smith Klein, both vaccine manufacturers. This information is listed in his conflict of interest section of his study (Offit 2007, 1394). His study will be addressed in literature review.
The current philosophical worldview is based on the myth that vaccines eradicated diseases like chicken-pox, measles, rubella, diphtheria, tuberculosis, etc., diseases that were on their way out when vaccination began its ascent to public approbation (childhealthsafety.com). This fear-based reasoning is largely unfounded, as there have been no long-term conclusive studies that wholly verify this information. With present demand for adult vaccinations to become mandatory, (HHS.gov 2015) concern for the general well-being of the people is very real. If multiple cases can be studied in regards to overall health of those vaccinated versus those un-vaccinated and verified, and if the results show marked differences, then a change in policy, particularly the vaccination schedule, will be warranted.
Literature review:
A plethora of information is available regarding the effects of heavy metal toxins on the cellular structures of the human body, particularly the brain (Austin 2008; Kern et al. 2013; Geier & Geier et al. 2014; Leslie & Kroger 2011; Tomljenovic and Shaw 2012). The rise of ASD to include 1 in 68 children in the United States alone warrants a closer look at the phenomenon of neurological function in relation to vaccination schedules set forth by policymakers today (CDC.gov 2015). Various sources are identified and analyzed for credibility, the purpose of the study, methodology, results, recommendations for further research, and conflicts of interest. Several sources recommend no further research but rather policy change.
The late Dr. Andrew Moulden (1963 - 2013), a neurologist from Canada who made the study of vaccination his life-study, is one of these. He created his own label of syndromes called Moulden Anoxia Spectra Syndromes (M.A.S.S.). More will be discussed on his works later. The second source is Dr. Richard Moskowitz, a homeopathic Family Practice Physician. Dr. Moskowitz published an article in the American Journal of Homeopathic Medicine entitled “Hidden in plain sight: Vaccines as a major Risk Factor for Chronic Disease” in 2005. He enlightens his readers to multiple single-case studies, children and adults who have been seen through his practice. Ultimately, Dr. Moskowitz challenges the addition of “A panel of leading medical economists be appointed to a bipartisan Government Commission”, with the understanding that its deliberations will be conducted in a public forum, and that its final report will include a wide range of testimony from all sectors of the public…” (117). He goes into great detail about the particulars giving plausible explanation for the resistance to alter the practice of vaccination. The researcher highly recommends this reading.
Creswell 2014, advises us on the literature review process of abstracting studies. He suggests one define the problem, state the central purpose, briefly state information about the population or subjects, review key results, and finally “critique or perform a methods review” by pointing out technical flaws in the methodology (Creswell 2014, 38). This concept will be applied to two studies posted on the Center for Disease Control’s (CDC) website.
A study was published in Nature Immunology by Bali Pulendran and Rafi Ahmed of the Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, and the Department of Immunology, in which Emory University confirms the oversight of vaccine makers in considering or “understanding” the full gamut of mechanisms of immunology. Palundren and Ahmed 2011, in a study entitled Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccination, state, “Despite their success, one of the great ironies of vaccinology is the vast majority of vaccines have been developed empirically, with little or no understanding of the immunological mechanism by which they induce protective immunity” (509). The principle, “First do no harm” as set forth by the Hippocratic Oath physicians swear to abide by, is in direct opposition to the above phenomenon. If the “immunological mechanisms” are unknown, then surely the repercussions of stimulating that immunology are unknown as well; however, those questions are being answered now by discovery of the incidences of “Oxidative Stress”, or lack of oxygen to the cells, and “reduction of Thiol availability”, or the ability to sluff off the metal through urination or otherwise (Leslie & Koger, 2011; Kern et al. 2013).
It is common knowledge that mercury and aluminum are not to be ingested. We teach our young not to break the thermometer or touch the mercury inside and describe the dangers of doing so, that mercury will be absorbed through the skin and that it is damaging to our cells. Why, then, do we inject it? The damages occur to the dendrites and capillaries, causing “ischemia”, or impaired blood flow of the central nervous system (CNS). Current mainstream medical equipment, such as the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) cannot always capture this phenomenon; however, there are machines that can capture brain imaging and effectively complete that image for us. These machines are largely rejected by the medical establishment.
According to Dr. Moulden (2009),
All vaccines wage war. All repeat vaccines have the propensity to induce tolerance. All vaccines induce a white blood cell response. This non-specific response and latent tissue damage increases in magnitude and breadth with each subsequent vaccination, albeit in clinically imperceptible ways. This is MASS response in physiology. It is causing death, disability, chronic illnesses, disorders, hypoxia, genetic derailments in cells from transcription errors under hypoxic states, and likely many cancers (22).
Having watched eight hours of Dr. Moulden’s videos, before they were butchered, this writer has discerned that there is no way to pinpoint one item that is of more value than another when it comes to his work. He did an excellent job of explaining the physiology of the human body and how vaccines cause neurological damage, in laymen’s terms. One really must watch his presentations, what is left of them, or purchase and read his book, M.A.S.S. Some special interests call him crazy. If so, he is not alone. Multiple studies, some performed outside of the United States, have addressed the immune responses to vaccination at a cellular and physiological level.
Several studies posted on the CDC website will now be discussed. Dr. Paul Offit, the lead physician in the vaccinology realm, teamed with Rita Jew and wrote a report that was published in Pediatrics in 2003, which was aimed at addressing parental concerns. Dr. Offit with Rita Jew examined and reviewed safety data reportedly obtained from human exposure and experimental animal studies. In this report, Dr. Offit admits the dangers of toxicity in ethyl-mercury exposure: “The amendment arose from a long interest in lessening human exposure to mercury, a known neurotoxin and nephrotoxin” (Offit 2003, 1394). In his report he also addresses the levels of methyl-mercury exposure that are allowed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry (ATSDR 2015). The guidelines can be found in references section.
A second study “addresses the design of this proposed study; however, the methodology used reveals several concerns. “Thimersol Exposure in Early Life and Neuropshychological Outcomes 7-10 Years Later” by Barile et al. (2003) has a terrific design if it were to be implemented to the age group this study proposes, six months to three years old. Perhaps these seven- to ten-year-olds had healed from a majority of the damages. The authors open with a statement,
“In 2009 the U.S. Public Health Service recommended the removal of thimersol from vaccines administered to children early in life and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) proceeded to sponsor several studies investigating the possible associations between exposure to thimersol-containing vaccines and child development outcomes (Thompson et al., 2007; Tozzi et al., 2009; Verstraeten et al., 2003)” (Barile et al., 2012, 106).
The problem here is while thimersol was removed from some vaccines, they all still contained aluminum, which is equally harmful at a cellular level (Tomljenovic and Shaw 2012, Moulden 2009). This is one of the studies spawned from the above recommendation. The three above-cited studies (Tozzi 2009, Thompson 2007, and Verstraeten 2003) were analyzed for methodology and this study hoped to close the gaps in the previous research. The data-set used for analysis reportedly came from “the CDC’s Immunization Safety Office” (Offit 2007, 1392). This is the first methodology mistake, as it brings up the question as to the accuracy of that data. As any researcher of CDC material can vouch for and as personal experience reveals, trying to get substantive data from the CDC is like pulling teeth and oftentimes not going to happen. At any rate, children seven to ten years of age were assessed and participated in the “Vaccine Safety Datalink.” The following paragraph discusses how many potential participants were weeded out of 3,648 potential subjects. Some were dismissed simply because of their birth weight, others due to the finding that they suffered from “encephalitis, meningitis, or hydrocephalus,” swelling of the brain and spinal cord, the very condition prevalent in the autistic child. The researchers studied amounts of thimersol intake in each child over the first seven years of life and performed a “battery of neuropsychological tests” which included “seven latent constructs: general intellectual functioning, verbal memory, fine motor coordination, executive reasoning, behavior regulation, tics, and language” (Barile et al. 2012, 108). The study goes on to report how they eliminated parental assessment because they did not align with the “assessor observations” data. Stacking the deck in favor of the desired outcomes is not acceptable. The statistical analyses are difficult to read at this point; however, the results did show that one construct, nervous tics, was slightly skewed predominantly in the male gender. Females must be better able to slough off heavy metals.
Research questions:
According to Creswell 2014, “The central question is a broad question that asks for an exploration of the central phenomenon or concept in a study” (139). In order to encapsulate the meaning of what the researcher wants to know, the central questions in the proposal should tie in with the methodology portion of the project (Creswell 2014, 139-140).
Main Question: Are un-vaccinated children ranging in age from six months to three years-old healthier, in regards to growth and development, than vaccinated children in relation to the current vaccination schedule set forth by the Center for Disease Control?
Sub-question 1: How do un-vaccinated children compare to vaccinated children in regards to fine motor skills?
Sub-question 2: How do un-vaccinated children compare to vaccinated children in regards to nervous tics?
Additionally, Creswell notes, when using a “directional hypothesis the investigator makes a prediction about the expected outcome, basing this prediction on prior literature and studies on the topic that suggest a potential outcome” (144-145). Since a fair amount of literature points to existing neurological problems when mercury and aluminum adjuvants cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), the use of a “directional hypothesis” may be perfect. It might read something like this: Children who are not vaccinated will not suffer from fine motor development issues or nervous tics. The “non-directional hypotheses” may fit better with respect to the fact that there are unknown factors, such as how much better they score on growth and development testing. The shortcomings of the “directional hypotheses” are there are so many variables that contribute to the growth and development of a child.
Methodology:
The intended design, mixed methods sequential explanatory, will be mixed method case study. According to Yin 2014, “A totally new situation arises when your case study has been deliberately designed to be a part of a larger, mixed methods study. In this situation, the larger study encompasses the case study” (193). In this case, the analysis of the quantitative data may be measured and compared to the quantitative data outcomes and validate findings from other methods (193). Perhaps the vaccinated children will suffer more cold and flu-like symptoms, which will drive for more in-depth and rigorous questioning to determine causation.
Sample population:
According to Creswell 2104, “External threats to validity” arise when experimenters draw incorrect inferences from the sample data to other persons, other settings, and past or future situations” (176). The sample population will be randomly selected from a pool of medical records taken from a Public Health Managed Care Organization clinical data and include at least one thousand children whose parents are using public health sites and do vaccinate according the current vaccination schedule, compared with at least one thousand carefully matched children in private homeopathic health care clinics, aged six months to three years, whose parents choose not to vaccinate their children. The study could take place in any city, state, county or country, as vaccination policy is global.
Collection of Medical records for quantitative analysis:
Each child will be seen by the doctor regularly, on site, at 30-day intervals to record vital signs, reflex testing, and fine motor examinations. Additionally, physicians, parents, and caregivers will complete the ASD Interviews as set forth by the DMV-5. This collection model is known as “the participant as the observer” (Creswell 2014, 191). Since physicians, parents, care-givers, teachers, and/or daycare providers will be taught about what to look for regarding neurological symptoms during testing phases and otherwise. The quantitative data collected will pertain to the number of visits children make to the doctors’ offices while the qualitative data will address the ASD Interview. The nature of the visits and any problems will be recorded, sorted and organized by existing programs designed for this purpose. The identities of the families studied should be protected and this will be done with informed consent, and in the coding process of analysis, considering adherence to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA) laws. The reasoning behind the changing of names to numbers in these circumstances would be to protect the families of unvaccinated children from the very entity that desires all people be vaccinated. Additionally, parents may not want to participate unless they know their identities will be protected.
Qualitative data will be collected in the form of surveys and questionnaires done through personal interviews with parents and teachers. Survey and questionnaire questions will be listed in the appendix and are subject to change during the inquiries for a more thorough analysis. After the collection of both the quantitative and qualitative data, the two types will be integrated and rigorously analyzed for cross-case synthesis.
Reliability and Validity:
When Creswell 2014, speaks of analyzing qualitative data he warns that the researcher may need to double back to previous reports to draw inferences and answer questions previously left unanswered (195). Preexisting instruments will be used for sorting, coding, and storing information, as opposed to hand-coding that would take a lot of time and effort, driving up the cost of experimentation. Yin 2014, suggests that one begin composing early on in the process of case study as it allows the researcher to strengthen the “construct validity” of the case study (94). Reliability will come through cross-case analysis.
Analysis:
According to Yin, there are five specific techniques for analyzing case-studies: “pattern matching, explanation building, time-series analysis, logic models, and cross-case synthesis” (132). Vaccinated children’s versus un-vaccinated children’s performances can be measured by looking for patterns of outcomes. For example, a significant number of children, one thousand or better, ranging in age from six months to three years-old, un-vaccinated versus a matched set, in age and gender, of vaccinated children who undergo a fine motor skills examination, may reap a diverse result. Of course, one must consider confounding variables regarding teaching and prior experience of the child exhibiting these skills. This will obviously contradict the data one way or another; however, through a “time-series analysis” where development will be charted in detail, patterns may emerge. The pattern matching Yin speaks of could possibly be matched across all sectors of study, i.e., different regions. After all, vaccination is a global practice. This researcher is looking for “cross-case synthesis” where genetics are not an issue.
Conclusion:
The CDC claims there is no causal link between autism and vaccination (CDC.gov 2015); however, empirical evidence says otherwise, yet there has not been a causal link established. The observation of an un-vaccinated child versus a fully vaccinated child regarding the rates of growth and development could indeed close this gap in thinking. Yin 2014, speaks of this when he states, “The causal links may reflect critical insights into public policy process or into social science theory” (147). Let us define social science theory: It is merely a reflection of the researcher’s viewpoint; positivist, post-positivist, pragmatic, or constructivist and depends on the motives of the researcher and their study (Creswell 2014, 5-11). Therefore, this writer, as a pragmatist who has the best interest of the growth and development of our country in general, is out to save Humanity and quite possibly the future of our country.
Appendix:
The reasoning behind the changing of names to numbers in these circumstances would be to protect the families of unvaccinated children from the very entity that desires all people be vaccinated. Additionally, parents may not want to participate unless they know their identities will be protected. Informed consent must be secured from each and every participant since this is human experimentation. Additionally, since HIPAA laws are prevalent in the United States, each participant will need to sign a release of information affidavit. The Autism Spectrum Disorder Parent Interview (ASDPI) compiled by Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) in 2011 is the preferred tool for assessing the children through parental participation (OHSU.edu 2015). Data may possibly be stored and assimilated, with the help of Cores and their existing tools, in Oregon at the University; as this program has much to offer researchers.
References:
Austin, David. "An epidemiological analysis of the ‘autism as mercury poisoning’ hypothesis." International Journal of Risk & Safety In Medicine 20, no. 3 (July 2008): 135-142. Accessed February 16, 2015
http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010170869&site=eds-live
Barile, John P, Gabriel P Kuperminc, Eric S Weintraub, Jonathan W Mink, and William W Thompson. 2012. "Thimerosal exposure in early life and neuropsychological outcomes 7-10 years later." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 37, no. 1: 106-118. Accessed May 1, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=21785120&site=eds-live
CDC.gov 2015. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Updated March 2, 2015, accessed April 7, 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/topics.html
Mercury. Updated October 21, 2014, accessed April 7, 2015. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MMG/MMG.asp?id=106&tid=24.
CDC.gov 2012. Vaccination Coverage Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2011–12 School Year. 61(33); 647-652. Updated August 24, 2012, accessed May 7, 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6133a2.htm?s_cid=mm6133a2_x
Creswell, John W. 2014. "Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches." 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications
Economist.com 2010. A Smarter Jab. Updated 2015, accessed May 7, 2015. http://www.economist.com/node/17258858
Geier, D. A., P. G. King, L. K. Sykes, and M. R. Geier. 2008. "A comprehensive review of mercury provoked autism." Indian Journal Of Medical Research 128, no. 4: 383-411. Accessed April 4, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=19106436&site=eds-live
Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, et al. "Blood Mercury Concentrations in CHARGE Study Children with and without Autism." Environmental Health Perspectives 118, no. 1 (January 2010): 161-166. Accessed February 16, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.30249923&site=eds-live
HHS.gov. Recommendations from the National Vaccine Advisory Committee: Standards for Adult Immunization Practice1. Updated September 10, 2013, accessed April 7, 2015. http://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/nvac/reports/nvacstandards.pdf
Leslie, Kerry, and Susan Koger 2011. “A Significant Factor in Autism: Methyl Mercury Induced Oxidative Stress in Genetically Susceptible Individuals”. Journal of Developmental & Physical Disabilities 23, no. 4 313-324. Accessed February 16, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011195461&site=eds-live
Moulden, Dr. Andrew J 2009. “Chapter 2: Where we Went Wrong with Vaccines: ONE BRIEF BIOGRAPHY & WHAT WE DID WRONG WITH VACINES.” Accessed March 3, 2015. https://www.scribd.com/doc/11564466/Ch-2-Vaccine-Errors (or) https://www.endalldisease.com/dr-andrew-moulden-found-every-vaccine-causes-harm-then-died-suspiciously/
Moskowitz, Richard 2013. "Hidden in Plain Sight: Vaccines as a Major Risk Factor for Chronic Disease." American Journal of Homeopathic Medicine 106, no. 3: 107-119. Accessed February 16, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsghw&AN=edsgcl.375081298&site=eds-live
Offit, Paul A. and Rita K. Jew, Pharm D+ 2003. “Addressing Parents Concerns: Do Vaccines Contain Harmful Preservatives, Adjuvants, Additive, or Residuals?” Pediatrics. Vol. 112 No. 6, 1394-1401. Accessed April 7, 2015. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/112/6/1394.full
Oshu.edu. 2015. ASD PARENT INTERVIEW (based on DSM-5 criteria). Oregon Health and Science University: Updated 2015, accessed May 7, 2015.http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/occyshn/programs-projects/upload/asd-parent-interview_formatted_2012_0325.pdf
Pajaras, F. (2007). Elements of a Proposal. Emory University. Stored in Doc Sharing PA 508, Park University online classroom. Accessed April 9, 2015. 1-9
Pulendran, Bali, and Rafi Ahmed. 2011. "Immunological mechanisms of vaccination." Nature Immunology 12, no. 6: 509-517. Accessed May 9, 2015.http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60653459&site=eds-live
TheFreeDictionary.com 2015. Definition of Hippocratic Oath. Updated 2015, accessed May 4, 2015. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hippocratic+Oath
Tomljenovic, L, and CA Shaw. 2012. "Mechanisms of aluminum adjuvant toxicity and autoimmunity in pediatric populations." Lupus 21, no. 2: 223-230. Accessed May 1, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70235923&site=eds-live
Willingham, Emily and Laura Helft. 2014. What is “Herd Immunity?” PBS.org 2015. Updated 2015, accessed May 6, 2015. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/herd-immunity.html
Wordpress.com 2015. Measles Mortality Rates 1901-1999. Accessed April 1, 2015. https://childhealthsafety.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/0707275measleslog.jpg
Wordpress.com 2015. Measles mortality in the U.S. 1925-1975. Accessed April 1, 2015. https://childhealthsafety.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/measlesmortalityusa1971-75_1.jpg
Wordpress.com 2015. Diptheria Mortality Rates England Wales 1901-1999. Accessed April 1, 2015. https://childhealthsafety.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/0707277diphtheria.jpg
Yin, Robert K. 2014. “Case Study Research; Design and Methods”. 5th ed. Los Angeles, Sage Publications.
Park University, Parkville Missouri
For Graduate Course: PA 508
Lisa K. Lasker
May 10, 2015
Table of Contents:
About the Author/Researcher
Introduction
Definition of terms
The problem
Theoretical Framework
The Purpose
Literature Review
Research Questions
Methodology
Analysis
Reporting
Results
Appendixes
Conclusions
References
Vaccinated Versus Un-Vaccinated
Introduction:
The entire premise of a childhood vaccination schedule is to “protect” the greater community from common diseases through a concept known as “Herd Immunity.” Herd immunity suggests that if a certain percentage of the population is immunized against certain diseases, the disease will then be eradicated. Of course, the threshold rate will fluctuate according to the disease being combatted. PBS.org offers answers to many of the questions that arise surrounding herd immunity (PBS.org 2015).
Pajaras 2007 provides an excellent template for a research proposal, be it quantitative or qualitative (1-9). The relevance of his material to the proposal of a mixed methods research design is given. A mixed method sequential explanatory case study research design of a single case-study (that of the immunization schedule and its effects on children aged six months to three years is likely to shed light on the unreported damages immunization delivers to the human body and its cellular structure. Of particular importance are the questions to the qualitative study versus the hypotheses to the quantitative study (Pajares 2003, 3).
In a mixed method study we seek to ask and hypothesize. A collection of all six types of data, “documentation, archived information, interviews, direct observation, participant observation, and physical artifacts,” will be integrated to generate a thorough understanding of the practice of immunization, any damages occurring to participants, and why further study is needed (Yin 2015, 103). Citing Baxter and Jack 2008, “Stake identifies case studies as intrinsic, instrumental, or collective. When a study is intrinsic in nature it is used to accomplish something other than understanding a particular situation. It provides insight into an issue or helps to refine a theory” (547). This researcher hopes to change the childhood vaccination schedule. “According to Yin 2003, a case study design should be considered when: (a) the focus of the study is to answer “how” and “why” questions; (b) you cannot manipulate the behavior of those involved in the study; (c) you want to cover contextual conditions because you believe they are relevant to the phenomenon under study; or (d) the boundaries are not clear between the phenomenon and context” (545). For these reasons a case-study design complements the qualitative portion of this mixed methods design. This researcher feels parental input is imperative when looking at side effects of vaccination and this can only be achieved with qualitative input.
Definition of terms:
Adjuvants - Preservatives or aluminum salts or ethyl-mercury, also the substance that promotes uptake of the vaccine to create immune system reaction.
Antigen - “Medical: a harmful substance that causes the body to produce antibodies” (Merriam-Webster.com).
Blood Brain Barrier - The protective mechanism that bars certain substances from entering the brain.
Capillaries - The smallest form of blood vessel.
Dendrites - The very ends of nerve tissue that connect to the capillaries.
Encephalopathy - Swelling of the brain or parts of the brain.
Immunology - The process by which immunity is allegedly gained through vaccination or other exposure to a disease.
Ischemia - Lack of oxygen to the cells, impaired blood flow.
The problem:
With the rates of diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) rapidly on the rise in all countries, particularly the United States, the role of vaccination is becoming subject to extraneous research that will determine a cause and effect model, if one exists. Literature currently used to determine correlation between vaccination and adverse reaction is surprisingly limited to quantitative studies that do little to alleviate the fears of the public surrounding the efficacy of vaccination in general. In addition, the methodology of several studies that have influenced decision makers are seriously flawed, as they are generally funded and influenced by special interest groups which create conflict of interest in and of themselves.
Pharmaceutical companies make a lot of money off of vaccinations today and portions of that money filter down to businesses, such as schools, as incentives to force compliance of vaccination.
“Vaccination coverage among children entering school is assessed annually by federal immunization grantees. Generally, at the start of the school year, health department or school personnel conduct a vaccination coverage survey or census of enrolled students to determine compliance with school requirements established to protect children from vaccine-preventable diseases. Children receiving an exemption to school requirements are included as enrolled students. Results of the school-level reviews are reported to the grantee health department, which then reports aggregated totals to CDC” (CDC.gov 2015).
A clip taken from economist.com states, “Global vaccine sales vaulted from $8.9 billion in 2005 to $22.2 billion last-year. Insurers and governments in the rich world have started to pay higher prices: firms making new vaccines against pneumococcal disease or the human papilloma virus are getting $100 or more per dose” (economist.com 2010). Having a daughter who was injured from the Gardasil Vaccine, this is disturbing, almost as if the “bottom line is more important than human life” (Click 2015). Additionally, incentives are given to schools to increase the threshold of vaccination to students, creating a demand for parents to comply and an additional demand for capital acquisition. Perhaps the same ideology takes place at the level of the city and state regarding funding.
Vaccintion and its efficacy, “VAERS is a national passive reporting system that accepts reports from the public on adverse events associated with vaccines licensed in the United States. VAERS data are monitored to:
Detect new, unusual, or rare vaccine adverse events
Monitor increases in known adverse events
Identify potential patient risk factors for particular types of adverse events
Identify vaccine lots with increased numbers or types of reported adverse events
Assess the safety of newly licensed vaccines” (CDC.gov, 2015).
The problem with this system is that adverse events due to vaccines are under-reported; moreover, side effects are likely thought to be “normal” as the inflicted merely exhibit cold and flu-like symptoms (Moskowitz 2005, p. 107). Unfortunately, not all injuries are reported; furthermore, there are no guarantees that what is being reported are actually vaccine injuries. "Under-reporting" is one of the main limitations of passive surveillance systems, including VAERS (CDC.gov, 2015). Case study data from personal doctors’ records and emergency room visits, along with physician, parental, care-giver, and patient interviews, may close this gap in knowledge about the real effects of vaccination.
Theoretical framework:
Vaccinations were introduced into our public health spectrum in the late 1930s, early 1940s, and really emerged explosively in the 1960s. Largely based on the premise that immunity to certain diseases can be created by injecting them in the form of a toxic nature into the blood stream, announcing their presence with aluminum or mercury salts (adjuvants), thereby training the immune system to attack and subsequently create antigens that would annihilate any further intrusions by that antigen. And it works; however, at what cost?
The purpose:
A study of vaccinated versus un-vaccinated children aged six months to three years to determine how vaccinated versus un-vaccinated children perform on a range of sensory and fine motor skills testing is warranted in the United States. Well-documented data conclude that metal toxicants damage neural function, but little is known to what extent (Austin 2008; Kern et al. 2013; Geier & Geier et al. 2014; Leslie & Kroger 2011; Tomljenovic 2012). Dr. Paul Offit (2003, 2007), argues against the hypothesis that vaccination causes damage. Just because there has not been an established cause and effect does not mean it is not happening. Dr. Offit has financial interest in vaccination, as he is the designer of the Rotavirus vaccine; he has personal interests with both Merck and Glaxo Smith Klein, both vaccine manufacturers. This information is listed in his conflict of interest section of his study (Offit 2007, 1394). His study will be addressed in literature review.
The current philosophical worldview is based on the myth that vaccines eradicated diseases like chicken-pox, measles, rubella, diphtheria, tuberculosis, etc., diseases that were on their way out when vaccination began its ascent to public approbation (childhealthsafety.com). This fear-based reasoning is largely unfounded, as there have been no long-term conclusive studies that wholly verify this information. With present demand for adult vaccinations to become mandatory, (HHS.gov 2015) concern for the general well-being of the people is very real. If multiple cases can be studied in regards to overall health of those vaccinated versus those un-vaccinated and verified, and if the results show marked differences, then a change in policy, particularly the vaccination schedule, will be warranted.
Literature review:
A plethora of information is available regarding the effects of heavy metal toxins on the cellular structures of the human body, particularly the brain (Austin 2008; Kern et al. 2013; Geier & Geier et al. 2014; Leslie & Kroger 2011; Tomljenovic and Shaw 2012). The rise of ASD to include 1 in 68 children in the United States alone warrants a closer look at the phenomenon of neurological function in relation to vaccination schedules set forth by policymakers today (CDC.gov 2015). Various sources are identified and analyzed for credibility, the purpose of the study, methodology, results, recommendations for further research, and conflicts of interest. Several sources recommend no further research but rather policy change.
The late Dr. Andrew Moulden (1963 - 2013), a neurologist from Canada who made the study of vaccination his life-study, is one of these. He created his own label of syndromes called Moulden Anoxia Spectra Syndromes (M.A.S.S.). More will be discussed on his works later. The second source is Dr. Richard Moskowitz, a homeopathic Family Practice Physician. Dr. Moskowitz published an article in the American Journal of Homeopathic Medicine entitled “Hidden in plain sight: Vaccines as a major Risk Factor for Chronic Disease” in 2005. He enlightens his readers to multiple single-case studies, children and adults who have been seen through his practice. Ultimately, Dr. Moskowitz challenges the addition of “A panel of leading medical economists be appointed to a bipartisan Government Commission”, with the understanding that its deliberations will be conducted in a public forum, and that its final report will include a wide range of testimony from all sectors of the public…” (117). He goes into great detail about the particulars giving plausible explanation for the resistance to alter the practice of vaccination. The researcher highly recommends this reading.
Creswell 2014, advises us on the literature review process of abstracting studies. He suggests one define the problem, state the central purpose, briefly state information about the population or subjects, review key results, and finally “critique or perform a methods review” by pointing out technical flaws in the methodology (Creswell 2014, 38). This concept will be applied to two studies posted on the Center for Disease Control’s (CDC) website.
A study was published in Nature Immunology by Bali Pulendran and Rafi Ahmed of the Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, and the Department of Immunology, in which Emory University confirms the oversight of vaccine makers in considering or “understanding” the full gamut of mechanisms of immunology. Palundren and Ahmed 2011, in a study entitled Immunological Mechanisms of Vaccination, state, “Despite their success, one of the great ironies of vaccinology is the vast majority of vaccines have been developed empirically, with little or no understanding of the immunological mechanism by which they induce protective immunity” (509). The principle, “First do no harm” as set forth by the Hippocratic Oath physicians swear to abide by, is in direct opposition to the above phenomenon. If the “immunological mechanisms” are unknown, then surely the repercussions of stimulating that immunology are unknown as well; however, those questions are being answered now by discovery of the incidences of “Oxidative Stress”, or lack of oxygen to the cells, and “reduction of Thiol availability”, or the ability to sluff off the metal through urination or otherwise (Leslie & Koger, 2011; Kern et al. 2013).
It is common knowledge that mercury and aluminum are not to be ingested. We teach our young not to break the thermometer or touch the mercury inside and describe the dangers of doing so, that mercury will be absorbed through the skin and that it is damaging to our cells. Why, then, do we inject it? The damages occur to the dendrites and capillaries, causing “ischemia”, or impaired blood flow of the central nervous system (CNS). Current mainstream medical equipment, such as the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) cannot always capture this phenomenon; however, there are machines that can capture brain imaging and effectively complete that image for us. These machines are largely rejected by the medical establishment.
According to Dr. Moulden (2009),
All vaccines wage war. All repeat vaccines have the propensity to induce tolerance. All vaccines induce a white blood cell response. This non-specific response and latent tissue damage increases in magnitude and breadth with each subsequent vaccination, albeit in clinically imperceptible ways. This is MASS response in physiology. It is causing death, disability, chronic illnesses, disorders, hypoxia, genetic derailments in cells from transcription errors under hypoxic states, and likely many cancers (22).
Having watched eight hours of Dr. Moulden’s videos, before they were butchered, this writer has discerned that there is no way to pinpoint one item that is of more value than another when it comes to his work. He did an excellent job of explaining the physiology of the human body and how vaccines cause neurological damage, in laymen’s terms. One really must watch his presentations, what is left of them, or purchase and read his book, M.A.S.S. Some special interests call him crazy. If so, he is not alone. Multiple studies, some performed outside of the United States, have addressed the immune responses to vaccination at a cellular and physiological level.
Several studies posted on the CDC website will now be discussed. Dr. Paul Offit, the lead physician in the vaccinology realm, teamed with Rita Jew and wrote a report that was published in Pediatrics in 2003, which was aimed at addressing parental concerns. Dr. Offit with Rita Jew examined and reviewed safety data reportedly obtained from human exposure and experimental animal studies. In this report, Dr. Offit admits the dangers of toxicity in ethyl-mercury exposure: “The amendment arose from a long interest in lessening human exposure to mercury, a known neurotoxin and nephrotoxin” (Offit 2003, 1394). In his report he also addresses the levels of methyl-mercury exposure that are allowed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry (ATSDR 2015). The guidelines can be found in references section.
A second study “addresses the design of this proposed study; however, the methodology used reveals several concerns. “Thimersol Exposure in Early Life and Neuropshychological Outcomes 7-10 Years Later” by Barile et al. (2003) has a terrific design if it were to be implemented to the age group this study proposes, six months to three years old. Perhaps these seven- to ten-year-olds had healed from a majority of the damages. The authors open with a statement,
“In 2009 the U.S. Public Health Service recommended the removal of thimersol from vaccines administered to children early in life and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) proceeded to sponsor several studies investigating the possible associations between exposure to thimersol-containing vaccines and child development outcomes (Thompson et al., 2007; Tozzi et al., 2009; Verstraeten et al., 2003)” (Barile et al., 2012, 106).
The problem here is while thimersol was removed from some vaccines, they all still contained aluminum, which is equally harmful at a cellular level (Tomljenovic and Shaw 2012, Moulden 2009). This is one of the studies spawned from the above recommendation. The three above-cited studies (Tozzi 2009, Thompson 2007, and Verstraeten 2003) were analyzed for methodology and this study hoped to close the gaps in the previous research. The data-set used for analysis reportedly came from “the CDC’s Immunization Safety Office” (Offit 2007, 1392). This is the first methodology mistake, as it brings up the question as to the accuracy of that data. As any researcher of CDC material can vouch for and as personal experience reveals, trying to get substantive data from the CDC is like pulling teeth and oftentimes not going to happen. At any rate, children seven to ten years of age were assessed and participated in the “Vaccine Safety Datalink.” The following paragraph discusses how many potential participants were weeded out of 3,648 potential subjects. Some were dismissed simply because of their birth weight, others due to the finding that they suffered from “encephalitis, meningitis, or hydrocephalus,” swelling of the brain and spinal cord, the very condition prevalent in the autistic child. The researchers studied amounts of thimersol intake in each child over the first seven years of life and performed a “battery of neuropsychological tests” which included “seven latent constructs: general intellectual functioning, verbal memory, fine motor coordination, executive reasoning, behavior regulation, tics, and language” (Barile et al. 2012, 108). The study goes on to report how they eliminated parental assessment because they did not align with the “assessor observations” data. Stacking the deck in favor of the desired outcomes is not acceptable. The statistical analyses are difficult to read at this point; however, the results did show that one construct, nervous tics, was slightly skewed predominantly in the male gender. Females must be better able to slough off heavy metals.
Research questions:
According to Creswell 2014, “The central question is a broad question that asks for an exploration of the central phenomenon or concept in a study” (139). In order to encapsulate the meaning of what the researcher wants to know, the central questions in the proposal should tie in with the methodology portion of the project (Creswell 2014, 139-140).
Main Question: Are un-vaccinated children ranging in age from six months to three years-old healthier, in regards to growth and development, than vaccinated children in relation to the current vaccination schedule set forth by the Center for Disease Control?
Sub-question 1: How do un-vaccinated children compare to vaccinated children in regards to fine motor skills?
Sub-question 2: How do un-vaccinated children compare to vaccinated children in regards to nervous tics?
Additionally, Creswell notes, when using a “directional hypothesis the investigator makes a prediction about the expected outcome, basing this prediction on prior literature and studies on the topic that suggest a potential outcome” (144-145). Since a fair amount of literature points to existing neurological problems when mercury and aluminum adjuvants cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), the use of a “directional hypothesis” may be perfect. It might read something like this: Children who are not vaccinated will not suffer from fine motor development issues or nervous tics. The “non-directional hypotheses” may fit better with respect to the fact that there are unknown factors, such as how much better they score on growth and development testing. The shortcomings of the “directional hypotheses” are there are so many variables that contribute to the growth and development of a child.
Methodology:
The intended design, mixed methods sequential explanatory, will be mixed method case study. According to Yin 2014, “A totally new situation arises when your case study has been deliberately designed to be a part of a larger, mixed methods study. In this situation, the larger study encompasses the case study” (193). In this case, the analysis of the quantitative data may be measured and compared to the quantitative data outcomes and validate findings from other methods (193). Perhaps the vaccinated children will suffer more cold and flu-like symptoms, which will drive for more in-depth and rigorous questioning to determine causation.
Sample population:
According to Creswell 2104, “External threats to validity” arise when experimenters draw incorrect inferences from the sample data to other persons, other settings, and past or future situations” (176). The sample population will be randomly selected from a pool of medical records taken from a Public Health Managed Care Organization clinical data and include at least one thousand children whose parents are using public health sites and do vaccinate according the current vaccination schedule, compared with at least one thousand carefully matched children in private homeopathic health care clinics, aged six months to three years, whose parents choose not to vaccinate their children. The study could take place in any city, state, county or country, as vaccination policy is global.
Collection of Medical records for quantitative analysis:
Each child will be seen by the doctor regularly, on site, at 30-day intervals to record vital signs, reflex testing, and fine motor examinations. Additionally, physicians, parents, and caregivers will complete the ASD Interviews as set forth by the DMV-5. This collection model is known as “the participant as the observer” (Creswell 2014, 191). Since physicians, parents, care-givers, teachers, and/or daycare providers will be taught about what to look for regarding neurological symptoms during testing phases and otherwise. The quantitative data collected will pertain to the number of visits children make to the doctors’ offices while the qualitative data will address the ASD Interview. The nature of the visits and any problems will be recorded, sorted and organized by existing programs designed for this purpose. The identities of the families studied should be protected and this will be done with informed consent, and in the coding process of analysis, considering adherence to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA) laws. The reasoning behind the changing of names to numbers in these circumstances would be to protect the families of unvaccinated children from the very entity that desires all people be vaccinated. Additionally, parents may not want to participate unless they know their identities will be protected.
Qualitative data will be collected in the form of surveys and questionnaires done through personal interviews with parents and teachers. Survey and questionnaire questions will be listed in the appendix and are subject to change during the inquiries for a more thorough analysis. After the collection of both the quantitative and qualitative data, the two types will be integrated and rigorously analyzed for cross-case synthesis.
Reliability and Validity:
When Creswell 2014, speaks of analyzing qualitative data he warns that the researcher may need to double back to previous reports to draw inferences and answer questions previously left unanswered (195). Preexisting instruments will be used for sorting, coding, and storing information, as opposed to hand-coding that would take a lot of time and effort, driving up the cost of experimentation. Yin 2014, suggests that one begin composing early on in the process of case study as it allows the researcher to strengthen the “construct validity” of the case study (94). Reliability will come through cross-case analysis.
Analysis:
According to Yin, there are five specific techniques for analyzing case-studies: “pattern matching, explanation building, time-series analysis, logic models, and cross-case synthesis” (132). Vaccinated children’s versus un-vaccinated children’s performances can be measured by looking for patterns of outcomes. For example, a significant number of children, one thousand or better, ranging in age from six months to three years-old, un-vaccinated versus a matched set, in age and gender, of vaccinated children who undergo a fine motor skills examination, may reap a diverse result. Of course, one must consider confounding variables regarding teaching and prior experience of the child exhibiting these skills. This will obviously contradict the data one way or another; however, through a “time-series analysis” where development will be charted in detail, patterns may emerge. The pattern matching Yin speaks of could possibly be matched across all sectors of study, i.e., different regions. After all, vaccination is a global practice. This researcher is looking for “cross-case synthesis” where genetics are not an issue.
Conclusion:
The CDC claims there is no causal link between autism and vaccination (CDC.gov 2015); however, empirical evidence says otherwise, yet there has not been a causal link established. The observation of an un-vaccinated child versus a fully vaccinated child regarding the rates of growth and development could indeed close this gap in thinking. Yin 2014, speaks of this when he states, “The causal links may reflect critical insights into public policy process or into social science theory” (147). Let us define social science theory: It is merely a reflection of the researcher’s viewpoint; positivist, post-positivist, pragmatic, or constructivist and depends on the motives of the researcher and their study (Creswell 2014, 5-11). Therefore, this writer, as a pragmatist who has the best interest of the growth and development of our country in general, is out to save Humanity and quite possibly the future of our country.
Appendix:
The reasoning behind the changing of names to numbers in these circumstances would be to protect the families of unvaccinated children from the very entity that desires all people be vaccinated. Additionally, parents may not want to participate unless they know their identities will be protected. Informed consent must be secured from each and every participant since this is human experimentation. Additionally, since HIPAA laws are prevalent in the United States, each participant will need to sign a release of information affidavit. The Autism Spectrum Disorder Parent Interview (ASDPI) compiled by Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) in 2011 is the preferred tool for assessing the children through parental participation (OHSU.edu 2015). Data may possibly be stored and assimilated, with the help of Cores and their existing tools, in Oregon at the University; as this program has much to offer researchers.
References:
Austin, David. "An epidemiological analysis of the ‘autism as mercury poisoning’ hypothesis." International Journal of Risk & Safety In Medicine 20, no. 3 (July 2008): 135-142. Accessed February 16, 2015
http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010170869&site=eds-live
Barile, John P, Gabriel P Kuperminc, Eric S Weintraub, Jonathan W Mink, and William W Thompson. 2012. "Thimerosal exposure in early life and neuropsychological outcomes 7-10 years later." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 37, no. 1: 106-118. Accessed May 1, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=21785120&site=eds-live
CDC.gov 2015. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Updated March 2, 2015, accessed April 7, 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/topics.html
Mercury. Updated October 21, 2014, accessed April 7, 2015. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MMG/MMG.asp?id=106&tid=24.
CDC.gov 2012. Vaccination Coverage Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2011–12 School Year. 61(33); 647-652. Updated August 24, 2012, accessed May 7, 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6133a2.htm?s_cid=mm6133a2_x
Creswell, John W. 2014. "Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches." 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications
Economist.com 2010. A Smarter Jab. Updated 2015, accessed May 7, 2015. http://www.economist.com/node/17258858
Geier, D. A., P. G. King, L. K. Sykes, and M. R. Geier. 2008. "A comprehensive review of mercury provoked autism." Indian Journal Of Medical Research 128, no. 4: 383-411. Accessed April 4, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=19106436&site=eds-live
Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, et al. "Blood Mercury Concentrations in CHARGE Study Children with and without Autism." Environmental Health Perspectives 118, no. 1 (January 2010): 161-166. Accessed February 16, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.30249923&site=eds-live
HHS.gov. Recommendations from the National Vaccine Advisory Committee: Standards for Adult Immunization Practice1. Updated September 10, 2013, accessed April 7, 2015. http://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/nvac/reports/nvacstandards.pdf
Leslie, Kerry, and Susan Koger 2011. “A Significant Factor in Autism: Methyl Mercury Induced Oxidative Stress in Genetically Susceptible Individuals”. Journal of Developmental & Physical Disabilities 23, no. 4 313-324. Accessed February 16, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011195461&site=eds-live
Moulden, Dr. Andrew J 2009. “Chapter 2: Where we Went Wrong with Vaccines: ONE BRIEF BIOGRAPHY & WHAT WE DID WRONG WITH VACINES.” Accessed March 3, 2015. https://www.scribd.com/doc/11564466/Ch-2-Vaccine-Errors (or) https://www.endalldisease.com/dr-andrew-moulden-found-every-vaccine-causes-harm-then-died-suspiciously/
Moskowitz, Richard 2013. "Hidden in Plain Sight: Vaccines as a Major Risk Factor for Chronic Disease." American Journal of Homeopathic Medicine 106, no. 3: 107-119. Accessed February 16, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsghw&AN=edsgcl.375081298&site=eds-live
Offit, Paul A. and Rita K. Jew, Pharm D+ 2003. “Addressing Parents Concerns: Do Vaccines Contain Harmful Preservatives, Adjuvants, Additive, or Residuals?” Pediatrics. Vol. 112 No. 6, 1394-1401. Accessed April 7, 2015. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/112/6/1394.full
Oshu.edu. 2015. ASD PARENT INTERVIEW (based on DSM-5 criteria). Oregon Health and Science University: Updated 2015, accessed May 7, 2015.http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/occyshn/programs-projects/upload/asd-parent-interview_formatted_2012_0325.pdf
Pajaras, F. (2007). Elements of a Proposal. Emory University. Stored in Doc Sharing PA 508, Park University online classroom. Accessed April 9, 2015. 1-9
Pulendran, Bali, and Rafi Ahmed. 2011. "Immunological mechanisms of vaccination." Nature Immunology 12, no. 6: 509-517. Accessed May 9, 2015.http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60653459&site=eds-live
TheFreeDictionary.com 2015. Definition of Hippocratic Oath. Updated 2015, accessed May 4, 2015. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hippocratic+Oath
Tomljenovic, L, and CA Shaw. 2012. "Mechanisms of aluminum adjuvant toxicity and autoimmunity in pediatric populations." Lupus 21, no. 2: 223-230. Accessed May 1, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70235923&site=eds-live
Willingham, Emily and Laura Helft. 2014. What is “Herd Immunity?” PBS.org 2015. Updated 2015, accessed May 6, 2015. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/herd-immunity.html
Wordpress.com 2015. Measles Mortality Rates 1901-1999. Accessed April 1, 2015. https://childhealthsafety.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/0707275measleslog.jpg
Wordpress.com 2015. Measles mortality in the U.S. 1925-1975. Accessed April 1, 2015. https://childhealthsafety.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/measlesmortalityusa1971-75_1.jpg
Wordpress.com 2015. Diptheria Mortality Rates England Wales 1901-1999. Accessed April 1, 2015. https://childhealthsafety.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/0707277diphtheria.jpg
Yin, Robert K. 2014. “Case Study Research; Design and Methods”. 5th ed. Los Angeles, Sage Publications.
As editor of this site: I fully support any efforts to determine the vaccine truth, and at no time in our existence and history has this become more urgent and critical. Thank you, to Lisa Lasker for this well researched work.
Thank you as well to the many individuals out there that help and support the effort to promote to research and put forth the needed information that individuals and parents need to make proper and truly informed decisions regarding allowing vaccines for their children and themselves. Decisions based not on for profit and to much to lose the real truth be known, biased and false vaccine propaganda; but on real information independently and that is fully researched and as to the best we can find, and determine that to be.
Saving one child and one family at a time, from the risk of vaccine injury and even perhaps at times resulting multiple vaccine caused death, is perhaps at the current time the best we can do. We can do that through the correct vaccine truth risks, verses benefit information. Benefits that have of course always been largely and incorrectly inflated by the pro-vaccine advocate side of this.
The below video although indirectly, I feel is very applicable to my feeling as to that which exists in regard to vaccine injuries, autism, and a multitude of other common adverse effects and health conditions due to the over use of for profit vaccines. Since the 1998 enactment of the federal vaccine court, protecting all vaccine manufacturers from legal liability; there has now been a quadrupled in the number of vaccines and doses that are being given according to the current CDC Vaccine Schedule. The children's health and their minds are clearly suffering horribly from this injected assault on their bodies, minds, and immune systems. You will not see that result happening in families with entirely unvaccinated children, and where the mother as well has not had vaccines near to, or during pregnancy.
White Lion - When The Children Cry
Thank you as well to the many individuals out there that help and support the effort to promote to research and put forth the needed information that individuals and parents need to make proper and truly informed decisions regarding allowing vaccines for their children and themselves. Decisions based not on for profit and to much to lose the real truth be known, biased and false vaccine propaganda; but on real information independently and that is fully researched and as to the best we can find, and determine that to be.
Saving one child and one family at a time, from the risk of vaccine injury and even perhaps at times resulting multiple vaccine caused death, is perhaps at the current time the best we can do. We can do that through the correct vaccine truth risks, verses benefit information. Benefits that have of course always been largely and incorrectly inflated by the pro-vaccine advocate side of this.
The below video although indirectly, I feel is very applicable to my feeling as to that which exists in regard to vaccine injuries, autism, and a multitude of other common adverse effects and health conditions due to the over use of for profit vaccines. Since the 1998 enactment of the federal vaccine court, protecting all vaccine manufacturers from legal liability; there has now been a quadrupled in the number of vaccines and doses that are being given according to the current CDC Vaccine Schedule. The children's health and their minds are clearly suffering horribly from this injected assault on their bodies, minds, and immune systems. You will not see that result happening in families with entirely unvaccinated children, and where the mother as well has not had vaccines near to, or during pregnancy.
White Lion - When The Children Cry
